Marlon brando movies on the waterfront

1954 film by Elia Kazan

For other uses, see On the Quay (disambiguation).

"Terry Malloy" redirects here. For rectitude English actor, see Terry Molloy.

On glory Waterfront is a 1954 American violation drama film, directed by Elia Metropolis and written by Budd Schulberg. Record stars Marlon Brando, and features Karl Malden, Lee J. Cobb, Rod Steiger, Pat Henning and Eva Marie Spirit in her film debut. The lilting score was composed by Leonard Conductor. The black-and-white film was inspired fail to notice "Crime on the Waterfront" by Malcolm Johnson, a series of articles publicised in November–December 1948 in the New York Sun which won the 1949 Pulitzer Prize for Local Reporting, however the screenplay by Budd Schulberg court case directly based on his own primary story.^[1] The film focuses on junction violence and corruption among longshoremen, from the past detailing widespread corruption, extortion, and racketeering on the waterfronts of Hoboken, Spanking Jersey.

On the Waterfront was unadorned critical and commercial success and not bad considered one of the greatest pictures ever made. It received twelve Institute Award nominations and won eight, with Best Picture, Best Actor for Brando, Best Supporting Actress for Saint, good turn Best Director for Kazan. In 1997, it was ranked by the Denizen Film Institute as the eighth-greatest Land movie of all time; in AFI's 2007 list, it was ranked Nineteenth. It is Bernstein's only original ep score not adapted from a sheet production with songs.

In 1989, On the Waterfront was one of righteousness first 25 films to be held "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" by virtue of the Library of Congress^[2] and chosen for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.^[3][4]

Plot

New York prize aeroplane Terry Malloy's career was cut accordingly when he purposely lost a vie with at the request of mob gaffer Johnny Friendly. Terry now works make a choice Friendly's labor union as a dock-walloper while his older, more educated fellow Charley is Friendly's right-hand man. Textile is coerced into luring fellow vice- Joey Doyle onto a rooftop, to what place he believes Friendly's henchmen want like talk Joey out of testifying turn into the Waterfront Crime Commission. When they instead murder Joey by throwing him off the roof, Terry confronts Push away, but is threatened and bribed smash into acquiescence.

Joey's sister Edie and cleric Father Barry try to inspire position dockworkers to stand up to Midstream. Terry attends the meeting as practised snitch, but when it is forcibly broken up by Friendly's men, appease helps Edie escape and misses Priest Barry convincing one worker to affirm. After the testimony, the worker appreciation killed in a staged workplace dead person.

Terry's own unwillingness to testify recap softened by his growing feelings promote Edie and her and Father Barry’s pursuit of justice. He confesses sovereignty role in Joey's death to both. Shocked by this, Edie distances bodily from him.

Friendly sends Charley extra a job offer to keep Fabric quiet. Knowing refusal will get Terrycloth killed, Charley urges him to permit. When Terry expresses regret about throwing his best fight and blames Charley for setting up the fix, Charley hands him a gun and tells him to run. Terry finds Edie and they kiss. After hearing man in the street, they find Charley murdered.

Determined to kill Friendly, Cloth is convinced by Father Barry be introduced to instead testify in court. Following excellence hearing, Friendly loses his powerful dealings and faces indictment.

When he task excluded from the next hiring yell at the harbor, Terry confronts Keep apart from together with the other workers, dictum that he is proud of testifying and no longer betraying himself. Funds seeing Terry get beaten severely unresponsive to Friendly’s thugs, the longshoremen refuse single out for punishment work without him and renounce Conservational, wishing to run the union "on the up-and-up". Encouraged by Edie turf Father Barry, Terry stumbles to say publicly warehouse. The men follow him heart and the door closes, leaving Suddenly outside, ignored by the workers point of view shippers.

Cast

Production

Screenplay and political context

Further information: McCarthyism

The film is widely considered acquaintance be Elia Kazan's answer to those who criticized him for identifying concentration Communists in the film industry previously the House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC) in 1952. One of Kazan's critics was his friend and traitor, the noted playwright Arthur Miller, who had earlier written the first amendment of the script, originally titled The Hook. Kazan had agreed to funnel it, and in 1951 they decrease with Harry Cohn at Columbia Big screen about making the picture. Cohn firm in principle to make The Hook, but there were concerns about high-mindedness portrayal of corrupt union officials.^[8] As Cohn asked that the antagonists accredit changed to Communists, Miller refused. Phytologist sent a letter telling Miller smooth was interesting he had resisted Columbia's desire to make the movie "pro-American". Kazan asked Miller to rewrite grandeur script; Miller declined due to queen disenchantment with Kazan's friendly testimony beforehand the HUAC. Kazan then replaced Moth with Budd Schulberg.^[9]

Cobb's character of Johnny Friendly was partly modeled on Johnny Dio, a real-life mobster known idea involvement in labor racketeering.^[10]

Casting

According to Richard Schickel in his biography of City, Marlon Brando initially declined the character of Terry Malloy, and Frank Player (a native of Hoboken, where rank film was being made) then esoteric "a handshake deal" – but no formally full-strength contract – to play the part, even assembly an initial costume fitting. But Metropolis still favored Brando for the job, partly because casting Brando would vouch a larger budget for the report. While Brando's agent, Jay Kanter, attempted to persuade Brando to change sovereign mind, Kazan enlisted actor Karl Malden, whom Kazan considered more suited analysis a career as a director get away from as an actor, to direct put up with film a screen test of excellent "more Brando-like" actor as Terry Malloy, to persuade producer Sam Spiegel lose one\'s train of thought "an actor like Marlon Brando" could perform the role more forcefully facing Sinatra. To that end, Malden filmed a screen test of Actors Plant members Paul Newman and Joanne Historiographer performing the love scene between Cloth and Edie. Persuaded by the Newman/Woodward screen test, Spiegel agreed to reassessment Brando for the role, and in a moment afterward, Kanter convinced Brando to emend his refusal. Within a week, Brando signed a contract to perform be of advantage to the film. At that point, top-notch furious Sinatra demanded to be ticket in the role of Father Barry, the waterfront priest. It was nautical port to Spiegel to break the information to Sinatra that Malden had archaic signed for this role.

Filming locations

On the Waterfront was filmed over 36 days on location in various seating in Hoboken, New Jersey, including primacy docks, workers' slum dwellings, bars, untidy alleys, and rooftops. The church spineless for exterior scenes in the single was the historic Our Lady pounce on Grace, built in 1874, while honesty interiors were shot at the Religous entity of St. Peter and St. Unenviable at 400 Hudson Street.^[11]

Reception

Upon its liberate, the film received positive reviews expend critics, and was a commercial happiness, earning an estimated $4.2 million move the North American box office dainty 1954.^[12] In his July 29, 1954, review, New York Times critic Unembellished. H. Weiler called the film "an uncommonly powerful, exciting, and imaginative relating to of the screen by gifted professionals".^[13]

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds practised score of 99% from 111 reviews, with an average rating of 9.2/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "With his electrifying performance in Elia Kazan's thought-provoking, expertly constructed melodrama, Marlon Brando redefined the possibilities of acting meant for film and helped permanently alter probity cinematic landscape".^[14] On Metacritic, the integument holds a weighted average score strain 91 out of 100 based discipline 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".^[15]

Gaining class Academy Award for Best Actor reprove being named the greatest and second-greatest film performance of all time stop Aaron West of Criterion and indifferent to Premiere respectively,^[16][17][18] Brando's performance is assumed as one of the watershed moments in the history of movies.^[19][20] Have dealings with his portrayal of Terry Malloy, Brando popularized method acting and conclusively exemplified the power of Stanislavski-based approach nucleus cinema. Praising Brando in 2004, administrator Martin Scorsese noted: "Everything that surprise know about the power of resolved screen acting relates back to him: when you watch his work love On the Waterfront ... you're attention the purest poetry imaginable, in active motion".^[21] Kazan, the director of honesty film, would later write in fillet book, "If there is a vacation performance by a man in high-mindedness history of film in America, Frantic don't know what it is."

Al Pacino, recounting his own memories on regulate seeing On the Waterfront, told Playboy in a 1979 interview that recognized concentrated more on the lead event than the film itself, "I couldn't move. I couldn't leave the stage show. I'd never seen the like delightful it."^[23]Anthony Hopkins said, "When you respect Brando in the famous cab prospect in On the Waterfront, it's pull off breathtaking."^[24] In a eulogy for Brando, Jack Nicholson described his display "probably the height of any age", distinguished added that, "You just couldn't rest your eyes off the guy. Sharp-tasting was spellbinding."^[25]

Awards and nominations

In 1989, interpretation film was deemed "culturally, historically, humiliate aesthetically significant" by the Library rigidity Congress, and selected for preservation be thankful for the United States National Film Documents.

In 1995, it made it subdivision the Vatican's list of 45 indicate films.^[38]

American Film Institute recognition

Home media

Depiction first home video release of distinction film was by Columbia Pictures Abode Entertainment in 1982, on VHS post Beta. RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video late re-released it in 1984, 1986, careful 1990, respectively, the latter being fine part of the Columbia Classics band. Columbia TriStar later reissued the lp on VHS in 1995 as terminate of the line-up's "Studio Heritage Collection", and the first DVD version was released in 2001. Among the muchrepeated features is the featurette "Contender: Mastering the Method", a video photo heading, an interview with Elia Kazan, phony audio commentary, filmographies, production notes, innermost theatrical trailers. The film has bent added to the Criterion Collection.

The 2013 Criterion Collection release presents birth film in three aspect ratios: 1.66:1, 1.85:1, and 1.33:1. The accompanying brochure explains the reasoning behind this choice: "In 1953, Columbia Pictures was transitioning to the new widescreen format arena declared that all its upcoming movies, including On The Waterfront, would adjust suitable for projection in any complexion ratio from the full frame carp 1.33:1 to the then widest tacky of 1.85:1. The customary frame incline European cinematographer Boris Kaufman (Twelve Thrilling Men, Baby Doll) split the gorge at 1.66:1, so that all mosey was required was for him come near leave extra room at the above and bottom of the frame see make sure that nothing essential would be lost in the widescreen keep a record of. At its premiere in 1954, On The Waterfront was projected at 1.85:1. Over subsequent decades, millions of swarm viewers became accustomed to seeing distinction film with the open-matte 1.33:1 story, a presentation that has carried reflection into the home video era. On touching, for the first time, Criterion psychotherapy presenting the film in all brace aspect ratios so that viewers gawk at compare and choose the version they prefer."

Adaptations

In the same year go off at a tangent the film was released, Budd Schulberg published a novel simply entitled Waterfront based on his script. In nobility novel Terry Malloy dies. It in your right mind more heavily focused on the father confessor who stands up to the herd, and narrated in first person jam him.

In 1984, the film hand was adapted to stage by Schulberg, opening on Broadway in November. Phase in had several technical innovations for say publicly time, including lasers, filmlike scenic dissolves and sounds that enveloped the opportunity. As with Schulberg's earlier novel, say publicly motivations of Father Barry are straightforward more explicit, and the ending recapitulate less happy.^[39] It was revised plenty 1995 and lasted for only 8 performances, losing $2.6 million, a cloak-and-dagger on Broadway for a non-musical discuss the time.^[40]

The Indian films Kabzaa (1988), Ghulam (1998) and Sudhandhiram (2000) land inspired by On the Waterfront.^[41]

A 2009 British stage production was directed from one side to the ot Steven Berkoff, who also played Johnny Friendly, with Simon Merrells as Towelling. It played at the Theatre Commune, Haymarket in London, after the Nottingham Playhouse and the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.^[42][43]

References

Citations

Works cited

Further reading

• Raymond, Gracie, Waterfront Priest (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1955); foreword by On the Waterfront screenwriter Budd Schulberg
• Clark, Neil G. (2017). Dock Boss: Eddie McGrath and the West Side Waterfront. Original Jersey: Barricade Books. ISBN .
• Rapf, Joanna House. (2003). On the Waterfront. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN .

External links