Jose rizal biography outline template

DR. JOSE PROTACIO MERCADO RIZAL ALONZO Askew REALONDA MEANINGS OF NAME • Doctor- completed his medical course in Espana and was conferred the degree catch the fancy of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid • Jose- was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian guardian San Jose (St. Joseph) • Protacio- from Gervacio P. Saturnina () -oldest of the Rizal children -nicknamed Neneng -married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas 2. Paciano () -older sibling and confident of Jose Rizal -was a second father to Rizal -immortalized him in Rizal’s first novel Noli Me Tangere as the wise Pilosopo Tasio -Rizal regarded him as illustriousness “most noble of Filipinos” -became unblended combat general in the Philippine Circle -died on April 13, , almanac old bachelor aged 79 -had team a few children by his mistress (Severina Decena)—a boy and a girl 3. Narcisa () -her pet name was Sisa -married to Antonio Lopez (nephew fine Father Leoncio Lopez), a school professor of Morong 4. Olimpia () -Ypia was her pet name -married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manilla 5. Lucia () -married to Mariano Herbosa of Calamba, who was a-okay nephew of Father Casanas -Herbosa dreary of cholera in and was denied Christian burial because he was natty brother-in-law of Dr. Rizal 6. Tree () 1 -Biang was her handle -married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna 7. Jose () -the leading Filipino hero and peerless genius -nickname was Pepe -lived with Josephine Graze, Irish girl from Hong Kong -had a son but this baby-boy petit mal a few hours after birth; Rizal named him “Francisco” after his paterfamilias and buried him in Dapitan 8. Concepcion () -her pet name was Concha -died of sickness at blue blood the gentry age of 3 -her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life 9. Josefa () -her pet name was Panggoy -died an old maid decay the age of 80 Trinidad () -Trining was her pet name -she died also an old maid barge in aged 83 Francisco de Marcaida extract Manuel Marzan- the most famous lawyers of Manila that defend Doña Teodora SCHOLASTIC TRIUMPHS AT ATENEO DE Offwhite () • Ateneo Municipal- a institute under the supervision of the Nation Jesuits • Escuela Pia (Charity School)- formerly name of Ateneo, a institution for poor boys in Manila which was established by the city administration in • Escuela Pia Ateneo Municipal Ateneo de Manila 4 • • • • • June 10, Rizal accompanied by Paciano went to Light brown Father Magin Ferrando- was the school registrar, refused to admit Rizal extract Ateneo for two reasons: (1) dirt was late for registration (2) lighten up was sickly and undersized for consummate age Manuel Xerez Burgos-because of fillet intercession, nephew of Father Burgos, Rizal was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo Jose was the first of dominion family to adopt the surname “Rizal”. He registered under this name at one\'s disposal Ateneo because their family name “Mercado” had come under the suspicion gradient the Spanish authorities Rizal was culminating boarded in a house outside Intramuros, on Caraballo Street. He paid join pesos for those extra Spanish coach • At the end of character school year in March, , Rizal returned to Calamba for summer opportunity • When the summer vacation introverted, Rizal returned to Manila for queen second year term in Ateneo. That time he boarded inside Intramuros wrap up No. 6 Magallanes Street. His lady of the house was an old widow named Doña Pepay SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO () -At the end of the grammar year, Rizal received excellent grades crumble all subjects and a gold garnish • The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas- the first favourite novel of Rizal which made uncomplicated deep impression on him • Usual History by Cesar Cantu- Rizal certain his father to buy him that set of historical work that was a great aid in his studies • Dr. Feodor Jagor- a Teutonic scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines story who wrote Travels in the State -Rizal was impressed in this complete because of (1) Jagor’s keen figures of the defects of Spanish clearing (2) his prophecy that someday Espana would lose the Philippines and depart America would come to succeed squash as colonizer THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO () -Rizal grades remained excellent make out all subjects but he won solitary one medal—in Latin -At the have of the school year (March ), Rizal returned to Calamba for blue blood the gentry summer vacation. He himself was keen impressed by his scholastic work Quadrature YEAR IN ATENEO • June 16, Rizal became an interno in rectitude Ateneo • Padre Francisco de Paula Sanchez- a great educator and authority, one of Rizal’s professors who dazzling him to study harder and support write poetry -Rizal described this Jesuiot professor as “model of uprightness, fanaticism, and love for the advancement honor his pupils” • Rizal topped shuffle his classmates in all subjects skull won five medals at the kill of the school term LAST Yr IN ATENEO () -Rizal’s studies prolonged to fare well. As a banal, he excelled in all subjects. Roxas- one of Rizal’s contemporaries in excellence Ateneo, related an incident of Rizal’s schooldays in Ateneo which reveals hero’s resignation to pain and forgiveness. “Neither bitterness nor rancor towards the naive party” • Manuel Xerez Burgos- That anecdotes illustrates Rizal’s predilection to worth the helpless at the risk trip his own life POEMS WRITTEN Outing ATENEO -It was Doña Teodora who was first discovered the poetic master hand of her son, and it was also she who first encouraged him to write poems. However it was Father Sanchez who inspired Rizal pause make full use of his God-given gift in poetry • Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration), the cheeriness poem Rizal probably wrote during queen days in Ateneo which was earnest to his mother on her birthday; Rizal wrote it before he was 14 years old -In , poetic by Father Sanchez, Rizal wrote extra poems, as such: 1. Felicitacion (Felicitationi) 2. El Embarque: Himno a route Flota de Magallanes (The Departure: Voucher to Magellan’s Fleet) 3. Y Fundamentals Espanol; Elcano, el Primero en express la Vuelta al Mundo (And Without fear is Spanish: Elcano, the First authenticate Circumnavigate the World) 4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo) -In , Rizal wrote poems on various topics-religion, education, childhood memories and war. They were as follows: 1. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory subtract My Town)- a tender poem summon honor of Calamba, the hero’s indwelling town 2. Alianza Intima Entre reach Religion y la Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education)Rizal showed the importance of religion reach education 3. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education influence Country Receives Light)- Rizal believed show the significant role which education plays in the progress and welfare interrupt a nation 4. El Cautiverio wry el Triunfo: Batalla de Lucena tilted Prision de Boabdil (The Captivity very last the Triumph: Battle of Lucena leading the Imprisonment of Boabdil)- this warlike poem describes the defeat and make out of Boabdil, last Moorish sultan translate Granada 5. La Entrada Triunfal point los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada)- this poem relates excellence victorious entry of King Ferdinand turf Queen Isabel into Granada, last Muslim stronghold in Spain -A year next, in , Rizal wrote more poesy. It was his last years embankment Ateneo. Among the poems written make certain year were: 1. El Heroismo spurt Colon (The Heroism of Columbus)- that poem praises Columbus, the discoverer work out America 2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II)- this ode relates how King Kohn II present Portugal missed fame and riches uninviting his failure to finance the on the horizon expedition of Columbus to the Original World 3. Gran Consuelo en power point Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Wonderful Misfortune)- this is a legend stop in mid-sentence verse of the tragic life slow Columbus 4. Un Dialogo Aluviso trig la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students)- that was the last poem written soak Rizal in Ateneo; it is neat as a pin poignant poem of farewell to consummate classmate • • • Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus)- that poem was written in when Rizal was 14 years old; it was a brief ode A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary)- on the subject of religious poem which doesn’t have faithful date when it was written San Eustacio, Martir (St. Eustace, the Martyr)- a drama based on the expository writing story of St. Eustace which unquestionable wrote in poetic verses during glory summer vacation of and finished phase in on June 2, MEDICAL STUDIES Imitation THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS () -After finishing the first year match a course in Philosophy and Hand (), Rizal transferred to the medicinal course -“Don’t send him to Camel again; he knows enough. If purify gets to know more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.”- Doña Teodora, vigorously opposed the idea desert Rizal pursue higher learning in grandeur university 6 • April Rizal who was then nearly 16 years bid, matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas, taking the course on Conclusions and Letters because (1) his daddy like it (2) he was “still uncertain as to what career hit pursue” • Father Pablo Ramon-Rector cue Ateneo, who had been good stamp out him during his student days orders that college, asking for advice make fast the choice of a career nevertheless unfortunately he was in Mindanao • It was during the following title () that Rizal, having received nobleness Ateneo Rector’s advice to study make better • During Rizal’s first school name in the University of Santo Tomas (), Rizal also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course eminent to the title of perito agrimensor (expert surveyor) • Rizal excelled affix all subjects in the surveying total in Ateneo, obtaining gold medals slot in agriculture and topography • November 25, the title was issued to Rizal for passing the final examination train in the surveying course • Liceo Artistico-Literario (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila- a sing together of literary men and artists, kept a literary contest in the collection • A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)- Rizal, who was then 18 years old, submitted that poem -is an inspiring poem lose flawless form. N. del Puzo- on the rocks Spanish writer, who won the quickly prize • Junto al Pasig (Beside the Pasig)- a zarzuela which was staged by the Ateneans on Dec 8, , on the occasion incessantly the annual celebration of the Feats Day of the Immaculate Conception, Habitu of the Ateneo - Rizal wrote it as President of the Establishment of Spanish Literature in Ateneo • A Filipinas- a sonnet written make wet Rizal for the album of depiction Society of Sculptors; in this ode, he urged all Filipino artists capable glorify the Philippines • Abd-el-Azis askew Mahoma- Rizal composed a poem breach which was declaimed by an Atenean, Manuel Fernandez, on the night ransack December 8, , in honor state under oath the Ateneo’s Patroness • Al M.R.P. He was unhappy at this Mendicant institution of higher learning because (1) the Dominican professors were hostile presage him (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the Spaniards (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive -In Rizal’s unconventional, El Filibusterismo, he described how rank Filipino students were humiliated and abused by their Dominican professors and in any case backward the method of instruction was, especially in the teaching of justness natural sciences. He related in Stage XIII, “The Class in Physics” Smashing THE MYTH ABOUT RIZAL AND Rendering PONTIFICAL UST This can be pull off exhaustive as I deal with progressive facts apropos of the relationship grounding Jose Rizal with the University be beaten Santo Tomas. I am indebted cheerfulness Fr. Fidel Villaroel, OP, the exalted historian and former archivist of position UST Archives for giving me high-mindedness distinct privilege (without going through integrity norms and policies) of touring position archives and letting me examined pitiless important documents pertaining but not particularly to the history of the Land. As a pioneering institution of scholarship – from the martyrdom of Gomez, Burgos and Zamora, to the lies movement, to the revolution of , to the birth of the Situation in , to the commonwealth time and finally to the restoration a variety of 7 independence in – it obey therefore presumptuous to assume the Delivery has had a hand in significance making of the history of picture Philippines. Sadly, in spite of divers efforts of few academicians and historians to present a more truthful account of the UST during the Romance era, many still were caught pull off guard and instead decided to be confident of on meager source materials. Worse, passable merely copied what pre-war and post-war authors written in the past existence. New generation writers, historians and biographers of Jose Rizal are no niggle to such historians like Retana, Craig, Russel, Laudback, Coates, Hernandez and Zaide who had pictured a villain intuition of the university. As what Fr. Villaroel said, none of the biographers and historians took the time pointer looking into the original academic papers of Rizal. Neither there were efforts on their part to make nifty study on UST based on grandeur archival records of the Pontifical Founding. “It has been treated inadequately, fall out times, with a good deal delineate misunderstanding, exaggeration or prejudice.” The in a tick confusion was their failure to consent the underlying principles behind the anti-friars and anti-UST writings of Rizal especially the El Fili. After seeing representation documents at the UST Archives ground reading Fr. Villaroel’s well-written study split up Rizal and the University of Santo Tomas, I can only scoff comic story those who bask at their unenlightenment and use many of the ethos to advance their cause. Such not bad the case of some pexers take who undoubtedly use these myths call their own good. In the fabricate of Dr. Serafin Quiason, former lead of the National Historical Institue, “it is a great virtue of jurisdiction (Fr. Villaroel) study that he lottery away many of the myths which have passed for facts for approximately three quarters of a century. Sharptasting has solved many difficult questions prep added to the readers can be grateful in line for a valuable and devoted piece care work.” This thread intends to amend some issues pertaining to the disputatious pictures projected about Rizal’s relationship territory his alma mater, the University a mixture of Santo Tomas based on the scan by Fr. Villaroel who had doggedly dug through the archival materials close the eyes to UST and Archivo de la Provincia del Sto. Rosario. Was Rizal discriminated and treated shabbily by the Dominicans? Why did he leave UST? Reason did he criticize the University life later? How are the stories be beaten El Filibusterismo to be understood? Everywhere are some excerpts from Fr. Fidel Villaroel’s study: MYTH: Rizal complained be almost his grades in UST and was discriminated and treated shabbily by integrity Dominicans. FACTS: (1) Rizal entered significance UST in , enrolling in greatness Pre-Law Course, which was made get of philosophical subjects. The course was commonly called metaphysics. He passed loftiness course brilliantly with the highest grades in spite of his initial contempt to philosophy and his youthful distractions through the year. Then he opted for the career of medicine. Viewpoint in he took simultaneously the Pre-Medical Course and the First Year be useful to Medicine; this was against the record, but Rizal was favored with pure dispensation. The Pre-Medicine Course was further called Ampliacion, because the student, gaining taken already Physics, Chemistry and Ingenuous History in the high school, moment took an advanced course on illustriousness same subjects (Rizal did not oppression in Santo Tomas the “class aristocratic physics” described in El Fili on the other hand rather in Ateneo). In his courses of medicine, Rizal was a fine student, above-average, though not excellent; however none of his classmates were unequalled either. Summing up, in the 21 subjects taken in UST, Rizal imitative one aprobado (passing grade), eight bueno (good), six notable (very good) be proof against six sobresaliente (excellent). Majority of course group in Rizal’s time, or in equilibrium time, would have been satisfied give way the above grades. It is likely that Rizal was not, but replicate is a fact that he under no circumstances complained about his grades, there survey not a single word in potentate works showing displeasure at the favouritism of UST. Yet many of coronate biographers are angry, unreasonably angry (including anti-ust pexers?) at the treatment obtain to the national hero by surmount alma mater. How could Rizal, provision a perfect record of “Excellent” complicated the high school (Ateneo) now come by such “low” grades at UST? Excellence critics had to look for initiative explanation, and since they did note find fault in Rizal, then they had to blame the Dominicans take precedence UST. And from Retana to Austin Craig, from Frank Lauback to Austin Coates and to quite a eat humble pie line of Filipino biographers (with wretched exceptions), we only hear the be consistent with repeated lamentation that every school offspring must now learn in the textbooks: that Rizal was “below his common standards”, and for the extremely solemn charge that the “Dominican professors were hostile to him” and “the State students were racially discriminated” (Zaide), move that there was “excessive harping viewpoint the alleged intellectual superiority of dignity Spanish (because he was white) support the Filipino, a brown man, tell Indio (JM Hernandez), and so launch an attack. An objective historian must squarely slender and honestly answer these grave statements, which sound like accusations. Was Rizal “far below his usual standards”? What standards, in the first place? In case by usual standards we mean magnanimity grades of his Ateneo high nursery school studies, the comparison is unfair. Upstart places elementary or high school corpus juris against college or University standards. They belong to different levels. At Ateneo municipal, Rizal was excellent, though plead for the only excellent student. At magnanimity UST, none of his classmates bright got near to keeping a nifty record of Excellent. And this was because Medicine was a different accepting of stuff altogether. Therefore, if surprise are to arrive at a impartial appreciation of Rizal’s performance at depiction UST, we should compare, not sovereignty grades in the high school work stoppage those in the university, but Rizal’s grades in Medicine against those all but his classmates. In the first yr of medicine, Rizal’s class was prefab up of 24 students, but extinguish to academic failures, seventeen of them were left by the roadside beforehand they reached the fourth year, while in the manner tha only seven took the final examinations. And in this fourth (and pray for Rizal last) year, he landed hem in second place behind Cornelio Mapa. Unmixed persecuted Rizal would have probably ballooned by the 8 same roadside bit the seventeen “debarred” classmates, or would have never boasted of being next when he left for Spain wonderful (2) It can hardy be articulated that Rizal was discriminated and able shabbily by the Dominicans since purify was granted the rare privilege pattern studying simultaneously in the Preparatory Ambit of Medicine and the First Yr of Medicine. Records likewise show rove six Spaniards were enrolled with Rizal in the first year of Reprimand, of whom three were Peninsular added three Philippine-born. If the criticism sustaining some biographers were true, these shake up students would have been favored make wet the friars. Yet at the bring to an end of the fourth year there remained only one Philippine-born Spaniard, Jose Resurreccion y Padilla, who managed to roleplay only a poor passing grade (aprobado), last among successful students, and who in the following year received splendid crushing suspenso. It would be unfeeling to rejoice over failures, whether be required of Spanish or of Filipinos, but loftiness biographers of Rizal will not suitably convincing unless they prove with binding documents the existence of “racial discrimination” in UST in the 19th 100 when it came to academic grades. (3) Rizal’s inclinations and abilities be compelled be taken into account. While pacify was undoubtedly inclined to, and especially fitted for, the arts and script, he was not much attracted engender a feeling of Medicine. “Perhaps – says Leon Connate. Guerrero – Medicine was not fulfil real vocation”. Medicine was a helpful career taken up in consideration dear the poor health of Rizal’s ormal, whom he wanted to help, prep added to eventually helped as a physician. (4) When Rizal transferred to Spain gain continued his studies at the Academy of Madrid, he showed there equivalent characteristics. He was sobresaliente in ethics humanistic studies (literature, languages, history), from way back in Medicine he fared worse rather than at the University of Santo Tomas. Ye no historian or biographer has ever complained about his poor aid in Madrid or hinted that Rizal was discriminated against in that Chief University. (5) Rizal had Dominican fellowship in the persons of Fr. Evaristo Arias and Fr. Joaquin Fonseca. Obsessive was while studying at UST renounce Rizal obtained public recognition as dialect trig poet. It was the Dominican; Fr. Arias who helped him cultivate fillet craft in poetry. During his Thomasian years, Rizal composed the best metrical composition of his pre-European period, one comprehend them being A la Juventud Filipina, winner of the first prize get in touch with the contest organized by the Liceo Artistico-Literario in MYTH: Rizal is alleged to have left UST for authority following reasons: a. because a comprehend professor of UST caused him passion (P. Pastells, SJ, ) b. by reason of the atmosphere in UST (meaning Thomistic atmosphere) suffocated him, and “it psychoanalysis presumed that because of it take action left” (E. Retana, ) c. in that in his class of medicine illustriousness lay professor made a statement opposite to the textbook and then recognized refused to permit discussion or highlight give explanations; “so Rizal decided explicit was wasting his time to be there in the University” (Craig, ) rotation. because he found unfriendliness in magnanimity University, (Lauback, ) e. because Distinguished could not give “fuller learning” take upon yourself the youth, and its “usefulness was almost, if not altogether nil.” (D. Abella, ) FACT: Twenty authors quoting from the same erroneous source institute the same error twenty times break off. Therefore, what the quoted authors accept said must be submitted to examination. More significantly, all the authors quoted above have one thing in common: none of them quote any sequential source, like words from Rizal’s letter, his articles, etc. If any start is ever mentioned it is infallibly the novel El Fili. But equitable there not, we ask, a be on the up source to support historical facts prevail over a novel? In the present change somebody's mind, there seems to be no fear, and for one fundamental reason: being Rizal never revealed in clear position why he left the Philippines gradient Neither he nor his brother Paciano, nor his uncle Antonio Rivera, faint his most intimate friends. Not unadorned clear word from them, who were the only persons who could take known. This fact leads us prevent conclude that the writers who slam into the blame for Rizal’s departure venue the University of Santo Tomas ring only guessing, honestly guessing of complete, but mistakenly. It is almost unnecessary to enter into discussion with those writers who lay the responsibility espousal Rizal’s departure at the door contribution UST. But let us face glory question squarely. (1) It has antiquated stated that a certain professor, additional concretely a lay professor of tell off, disagreed with the textbook and refused to entertain discussion on the topics of his subject (so Pastells obtain Craig). This professor is identified contempt Craig as one who, some time later, was classmate of Rizal slate the University of Madrid. He was Dr. Jose Franco who, as university lecturer of Rizal in Santo Tomas, difficult threatened to fail the whole medicine roborant class (P. Pastells). But granting ensure Professor Franco was speaking seriously, repress is quite improbable that Rizal pronounced to leave the Philippines for mammoth incident with one professor, who also did not fail him in righteousness final examinations. Rizal’s companions and troop did not seem to have interest any misunderstanding between Rizal and steadiness professor, as shown in a memo of Jose M. Cecilio: “Your break in routine without notice has caused surprise amid many friends to the point conduct operations stirring their curiosity. They ask nolens volens there were serious matters going falsehood which prompted you to leave.” (2) To attribute Rizal’s departure to what oneauthor calls “rampant bigotry, discrimination very last persecution” existing in UST, whether uttered in general or whether specifically referring to Rizal, is a gratuitous allegation expressed in readymade phrases loaded inert feeling. I presume that an enlightening policy like the one implied show such words has never existed of great magnitude any school or university anywhere instruct in any period. As for Rizal, amazement have already explained with academic documents on hand, that there was nonthreatening person fact a discrimination in his assist when he was allowed to unkindness simultaneously the Preparatory course of Medicament and the First Course of Make better Proper. And finally, he was tending of the seven, out of 26, who reached 9 the beginning capture the fifth year course, which why not? started in Madrid. All this has been shown here without rhetoric, down feeling and only with the effect of laconic, diplomatic record as foundation. (3) That the UST did yowl provide “fuller learning” to its course group, and that this prompted some demonstration them like Rizal to go in foreign lands, as suggested by some authors, energy be as true then as beck can be true at any attention period of her history. This package also be said of any Filipino university today. The temptation to exhausting better institutions abroad is always be on the up, and those who can afford deed, occasionally fall for it. There deterioration no denying that, in the resolute quarter of the 19th century, Accumulation offered to the students of study, philosophy, literature and every aspect introduce material progress, horizons of learning ramble no colonial land in other continents could possibly give in such give permission. But if many student like Rizal went abroad is search of “fuller learning” and profited from that stop thinking about, it would be wrong to gross that a university like UST was therefore worthless. Whether by choice puzzle by the force of circumstances diverse more students stayed behind than leftist for Europe, and those who remained received a tertiary education of specified quality that enabled them to metamorphose builders of the Philippine Republic. Thomasians trained here and only here were Pedro Pelaez and Jose Burgos, Apolinario Mabini and Cayetano Arellano, Manuel Araullo and the Mapa brothers, Sergio Osmena and Manuel L. Quezon, Leon Part Guererro and Anacleto del Rosario, Felipe Calderon and Epifanio de los City, etc. and most of the joe public of the Malolos Congress, all affinity to the generation of Rizal. \'til further historical research can project enhanced light on the life of Rizal, little more remains to be put into words on this point. This little additional is reduced to the following: On condition that neither the UST records nor significance correspondence of Rizal with Paciano paramount his family nor his letters cling or from his intimate friends buoy support the alleged misunderstanding between Rizal and the University; if those file do not explain the reasons add to Rizal’s departure for Spain, then irrational believe that the only valid access left to the historian is picture recourse to the oral tradition. Dispatch two traditions come handily on well-defined way, one preserved in Rizal’s unqualified family and another in the Custom of Santo Tomas. MYTH: The “Class of Physics” (Chapter 13) in Renew Filibusterismo is autobiographical of Rizal’s look after in UST and that Rizal’s antifriars and anti-UST writings are reflective ingratiate yourself how the national hero loathed picture University. FACT: (1) While in Accumulation (), Rizal changed considerably in shell least one aspect, in his seek towards religion. He gave up many basic and essential tenets of top faith and ceased to be neat as a pin practicing Catholic. This was due in the main to his continuous association with numerous rationalist thinkers and liberal politicians celebrate Spain and other countries of Accumulation. A new rationalistic approach to brusque and his affiliation to freemasonry accentuated his anti-clerical sentiments and his execration for the Catholic Church, for go backward belief and external manifestations (dogmas, rites and rituals and devotional life). These changes in Rizal must be busy into account when assessing his misanthropic criticism of the Church, the idealistic Orders and the University of Santo Tomas. History showed that the attacks thrown by propagandists at Santo Tomas, particularly the Church, were just assign and parcel of the clash amidst liberalism and Thomism. And that authority attack thrown at Santo Tomas , which was under the Royal backing of Spain, was not unique in that every university in Europe like Town received the same fate for upholding Thomism. The Vatican in an letter endorsed Thomism as an instrument display counteract rationalism, which at that delay began to penetrate all spheres discovery society. (2) Crucially affecting this original attitude of criticism were the affairs that occurred in Calamba from ahead as a result of the distinguished agrarian litigation between his family brook the Dominican Hacienda. Whatever reasons care dissension might have existed in onetime years due to worsening economic prerequisites affecting the country at large, Rizal’s personal intervention in the affair increase twofold precipitated the legal suit. The win over ended in the courts with chiefly adverse sentence against the family beam other tenants and the tragic transportation of some of Rizal’s immediate one\'s own flesh. That social question and lawsuit difficult to understand nothing to do with the Exacting, but it surely soured Rizal’s influence when writing about an educational business that was run by the owners of Calamba Hacienda. We have regarding another factor for his critical attitude; again he had not in smack of any past academic experience. (3) Honesty novel El Fili was written point during the years of the Calamba agrarian crisis (any student of humanities or a practicing writer would square that if there are things think it over affect the consciousness of a penman, it would be the moment, integrity milieu, and the race). The “Class of Physics” is the subject leave undone chapter 13 of the Fili, trig subject that some historians and biographers have used and abused lavishly. They have a reason, because the rebel comes in very handily to incarnate the student years of Rizal unbendable the UST, regardless of the novelistic character of the source. The unfeasible question here is whether the fib of the “Class of Physics” genuinely happened on even one day, inevitably it reflects educational methods practiced extract UST in the 19th century, gathering whether Rizal was just creating adroit scene suitable to the aims go along with the novel, that is, to dispute and discredit the religious institutes. Wearying biographers easily believe Retana’s remark go off “this chapter is an accurate extent of what happened in the Pompous University of Manila when Rizal feigned there.” a remark written of taken as a whole, when Retana had turned into unadulterated bitter enemy of the religious instantly. But even taking for granted ditch Rizal based his story on despicable incident that happened during his further education college years, this is no reason disturb conclude that the general life tip off the University was similar. And kind for the bleak picture of character physical classroom itself, the UST unrelenting possess the schedules of classes choose by ballot those years, and the Class ingratiate yourself Physics is invariably assigned to rank Physics Laboratories, not to an visit classroom. Finally, Austin Coates’ statement make certain this chapter of the Fili quite good “clearly autobiographical” is totally unacceptable, take as read by autobiographical he meant that honesty experience of Placido was actually matte by Rizal personally or by dehydrated of his classmates. And the go all-out is very simple: Rizal did weep take Physics at the UST. Appease had taken that course at justness Ateneo 10 Municipal in Rafael Palma who took up Physics and Alchemy in at Ateneo Municipal, a slight over ten years after Rizal, pass muster a harmonize later that the laboratory materials put into operation use at the Ateneo for seminar Natural History and Physics were “very poor” (Rafael Palma, My Autobiography, Beige ). The whole chapter is unmixed caricature, very useful for the aims of the novel; it is jumble Rizal’s biography. H. ” • June 17 to August 20, Rizal pause in Paris • Hotel de Paris- located on 37 Rue de Maubange wherein Rizal billeted but later, lighten up moved to a cheaper hotel entirely Rue de Rennes in the Weighty Quarter • Laennec Hospital- where Rizal observed Dr. Due to hard date in 12 Calamba, the monthly help of Rizal in Madrid were mass in arrival and there were nowadays when they never arrived • June 24, a touching incident in Rizal’s life in Madrid wherein he was broke and was unable to grab breakfast -Rizal attended his class sought-after the university, participated in the ethnic group in Greek language and won nobleness gold medal • Evening of June 25, a banquet was sponsored incite the Filipino community to celebrate glory double victory of the Filipino person in charge in the National Exposition of Gauzy Arts in Madrid—Luna’s Spoliarium winning say publicly first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace (Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al Populacho), second prize • November 20, 21, and 22, grandeur serene city of Madrid exploded timely bloody riots by the students prop up the Central University • These adherent demonstrations were caused by the oration of Dr. I say the by a long way thing of philosophy and letters which may serve also for a armchair, but I doubt if the Blackfriar fathers will grant it to me.” PARIS TO BERLIN () -Rizal went to Paris and Germany in form to specialize in ophthalmology—Rizal chose that branch of medicine because he desired to cure his mother’s eye disease IN GAY PARIS () • Maximo Viola- a medical student and spruce up member of a rich family prepare San Miguel, Bulacan, Rizal’s friend • Señor Eusebio Corominas- editor of ethics newspaper La Publicidad and made keen crayon sketch of Don Miguel Morayta, owner of La Publicidad and unblended stasman • Rizal gave Editor Corominas an article on the Carolines Topic, then a controversial issue, for album • November , Rizal was years in Paris where he sojourned spokesperson about four months • Dr. Prizefighter de Weckert ()- leading French oculist wherein Rizal worked as an helpful from November to February • Paz Pardo de Tavera- was a appealing girl, who was engaged to Juan Luna • At the studio ad infinitum Luna, Rizal spent many happy Rizal helped Luna by posing orang-utan model in several paintings • Well-heeled Luna’s canvas “The Death of Cleopatra,“ Rizal posed as an Egyptian holy man. In another of Luna’s great paintings, “The Blood Compact,” he posed pass for Sikatuna, with Trinidad Pardo de Tavera taking the role of Legazpi • November 27, Rizal told Enrique Close that he “learned the solfeggio, say publicly piano, the voice culture in put the finishing touches to month and a half” • Make wet sheer determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play the flute moderately well. He was a flutist awarding various impromptu reunions of Filipinos surround Paris • Alin Mang Lahi (Any Race)-a patriotic song written by Rizal which asserts that any race aspires for freedom • La Deportacion (Deportation)- a sad danza which Rizal cool in Dapitan during his exile Export HISTORIC HEIDELBERG • February 1, Rizal reluctantly left gay Paris fro Frg • February 3, Rizal arrived slender Heidelberg, a historic city in Frg famous for its old university discipline romantic surroundings • Chess Player’s Club- a club wherein the students notion Rizal as a member because follow being a good chess player • Dr. Otto Becker- distinguished German oculist where Rizal worked—University Eye Hospital 13 • • • • • • • • • April 22, Rizal wrote a fine poem “A Las Flores de Heidelberg” (To the Blossom of Heidelberg) In the spring heed , Rizal was fascinated by excellence blooming flowers along the cool botanist of the Neckar River. Among them was his favorite flower—the light shocker “forget-me-not” Wilhelmsfeld- a mountainous village close by Heidelberg where Rizal spent a three-month summer vacation Dr. Karl Ullmer- on the rocks kind Protestant pastor where Rizal stayed, who became his good friend suggest admirer June 25, Rizal ended reward sojourn at Pastor Ullmer’s home Can 29, Rizal wrote from Munich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz), son of Ecclesiastic Ullmer July 31, Rizal wrote consummate first letter in German (which explicit had improved after his stay carry the Ullmers) to Professor Blumentritt, Supervisor of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Oesterreich Aritmetica (Arithmetic)-Rizal sent this book inaccuracy mentioned and was published in duo languages— Spanish and Tagalog—by the Foundation of Santo Tomas Press in excellence author was Rufino Baltazar Hernandez, elegant native of Santa Cruz, Laguna Revered 6, the famous University of Heidelberg held its fifth centenary celebration Etch LEIPZIG AND DRESDEN • August 9, Rizal left Heidelberg • August 14, boarded by a train. Rizal alighted in Leipzig • Professor Friedrich Ratzel- a famous German historian, Rizal help with him • Dr. Hans Meyer- German anthropologist, a friend of Rizal • In Leipzig, Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Philippine so that Filipino might know excellence story of that champion of Nation independence • Rizal also translated happen to Tagalog for his nephews and niece Hans Andersen’s Fairy Tales • Rizal found out that the cost bring in living in Leipzig was cheapest welcome Europe so that he stayed yoke months and a half • Due to of his knowledge of German, Country, and other European languages, Rizal stirred as proofreader in a publisher’s sustain • October 29, Rizal left City for Dresden where he met Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, Director of character Anthropological and Ethnological Museum • Rizal heard Mass in a Catholic church; evidently, this Mass impressed him to a great extent much, for he wrote on crown diary: “Truly I have never imprison my life heard a Mass whose music had greater sublimity and intonation.” • Morning of November 1, Rizal left Dresden by train reaching Songwriter in the evening BERLIN • • Rizal was enchanted by Berlin for of its scientific atmosphere and interpretation absence of race prejudice Rizal trip over for the first time Dr. Feodor Jagor, celebrated German scientist-traveler and hack of Travels in the Philippines, uncut book which Rizal read and darling during his student days in Off-white • Dr. Rudolf Virchow- introduced disrespect Rizal by Dr. Jagor; famous Teutonic anthropologist • Dr. Hans Virchow- jew of Dr. Rudolf Virchow, professor sum Descriptive Anatomy • Dr. W. Joest- noted German geographer • Dr. Ernest Schweigger ()- famous German ophthalmologist site Rizal worked • Rizal became neat member of the Anthropological Society, rectitude Ethnological Society, and the Geographical Company of Berlin, upon the recommendation albatross Dr. Jagor and Dr. She job not gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome • Aside from the German women, Rizal admired the German customs which closure observed well NOLI ME TANGERE Promulgated IN BERLIN () 14 -The abrasive winter of in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money alighted from Calamba and he was etiolated broke. The diamond ring which rule sister, Saturnina, gave him was throw in the pawnshop. It was memorable get in touch with the life of Rizal for several reasons (1) it was a insult episode for he was hungry, queasy and despondent in a strange socket (2) it brought him great exultation after enduring so much sufferings, in that his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in Pace, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin- inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare unadulterated novel that would depict the miseries of his people under the prosecution of Spanish tyrants January 2, monitor a reunion of Filipinos in honourableness Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal supposititious the writings of a novel find the Philippines by a group snatch Filipinos Toward the end of , Rizal began writing the novel guess Madrid and finished about one-half admit it When Rizal went to Town, in , after completing his studies in the Central University of Madrid, he continued writing the novel, close one half of the second equal part Rizal finished the last fourth elect the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of greatness Noli in Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, Overfull Berlin during the winter days brake February, , Rizal made the furthest back revisions on the manuscript of nobleness Noli Maximo Viola- Rizal’s friend deprive Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at integrity height of Rizal despondency and loaned him the needed funds to announce the novel; savior of Noli Aft the Christmas season, Rizal put birth finishing touches on his novel. Join save printing expenses, he deleted firm passages in his manuscript, including dialect trig whole chapter—“Elias and Salome” February 21, the Noli was finally finished survive ready for printing Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft- unembellished printing shop which charged the slightest rate, that is, pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel March 21, the Noli Me Tangere came quit the press March 29, Rizal, stop in midsentence token of his appreciation and thanks, gave Viola the galley proofs comprehensive the Noli carefully rolled around position pen that he used in vocabulary it and a complimentary copy, blank the following inscription: “To my cherished friend, Maximo Viola, the first give somebody no option but to read and appreciate my work—Jose Rizal” The title Noli Me Tangere run through a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not at conceived by Rizal, for he avowed taking it from the Bible Rizal, writing to Felix Hidalgo in Sculpturer on March 5, , said: “Noli Me Tangere, words taken from depiction Gospel of St. Luke, signify “do not touch me” but Rizal thankful a mistake, it should be prestige Gospel of St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17) Rizal effusive his Noli Me Tangere to description Philippines—“To My Fatherland” The cover indicate Noli Me Tangere was designed disrespect Rizal. It is a ketch an assortment of explicit symbols. A woman’s head skyward a Maria Clara bodice represents honourableness nation and the women, victims weekend away the social cancer. One of prestige causes of the cancer is symbolized in the friar’s feet, outsized nervous tension relation to the woman’s head. Distinction other aggravating causes of oppression ray discrimination are shown in the guard’s helmet and the iron chains, primacy teacher’s whip and the alferez’s penalty. A slight cluster of bamboo stands at the backdrop; these are interpretation people, forever in the background curiosity their own country’s history. There lap up a cross, a maze, flowers bear thorny plants, a flame; these archetypal indicative of the religious policy, birth misdirected ardor, the people strangled primate a result of these all Blue blood the gentry novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue Dr. Antonio Ma. Carlos Czepelak- renowned scientist subtract Europe • Professor Robert Klutschak- come eminent naturalist • May 16, esteem AM- Rizal and Viola left Leitmeritz by train PRAGUE • • Dr. Willkomm- professor of natural history mosquito the University of Prague According form Viola, “nothing of importance happened” plenty this city • • May 20, Rizal and Viola arrived in probity beautiful city of Vienna, capital advice Austria-Hungary Vienna was truly the “Queen of Danube” because of its attractive buildings, religious images, haunting waltzes gift majestic charm Norfentals- one of grandeur greatest Austrian novelists was favorably phony by Rizal, and years later dirt spoke highly of Rizal, “whose maestro he so much admired.” Hotel Metropole- where Rizal and Viola stayed Impossible to tell apart Vienna, Rizal received his lost infield stickpin VIENNA • • • DANUBIAN VOYAGE TO LINTZ • May 24, Rizal and Viola left Vienna spin a river boat to see class beautiful sights of the Danube Streamlet • Rizal particularly noticed that authority passengers on the river boat were using paper napkins during the panel, which was a novelty to him. Viola, commented that the paper descendants were “more hygienic and economical better cloth napkins” FROM LINTZ TO RHEINFALL • Munich- where Rizal and Phoney sojourned for a short time separate savor the famous Munich beer, outsized to be the best in Frg • Nuremberg- one of the before cities of Germany • The Religion of Ulm- the largest and tallest cathedral in all Germany • Flight Ulm, they went to Stuttgart, Baden and then Rheinfall (Cascade of depiction Rhine). At Rheinfall, they saw distinction waterfall, “the most beautiful waterfall expose Europe” CROSSING THE FRONTIER TO Schweiz • June 2 to 3, stayed at Schaffhausen, Switzerland GENEVA • • • • • This Swiss get into is one of the most pretty cities in Europe, visited by field tourists every year June 19, Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. Punch was his 26th birthday Rizal careful Viola spent fifteen delightful days plug Geneva June 23, Viola and Rizal parted ways—Viola returned to Barcelona measure Rizal continued the tour to Italia Exposition of the Philippines in Madrid, Spain- Rizal was outraged by that degradation of his fellow countrymen excellence Igorots of Northern Luzon RIZAL Huddle together ITALY • June 27, Rizal reached Rome, the “Eternal City” and further called the “City of the Caesars” • Rizal was thrilled by dignity sights and memories of the Everlasting City. Describing to Blumentritt, the “grandeur that was Rome”, he wrote misuse June 27, 16 • • • June 29, the Feast Day remind you of St. Peter and St. Paul, Rizal visited for the first time glory Vatican, the “City of the Popes” and the capital of Christendom Every so often night, after sightseeing the whole apportion, Rizal returned to his hotel, greatly tired. “I am tired as splendid dog,” he wrote to Blumentritt, “but I will sleep as a God” After a week of wonderful stay in Rome, Rizal prepared to reinstate to the Philippines. He had heretofore written to his father that blooper was coming home FIRST HOMECOMING () -Because of the publication of loftiness Noli Me Tangere and the spectacle it caused among the friars, Rizal was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) and other friends wail to return home. -Rizal was decided to return to the Philippines unjustifiable the following reasons: (1) to run on his mother’s eyes (2) fulfil serve his people who had unconventional been oppressed by Spanish tyrants (3) to find out for himself county show Noli and his other writings were affecting Filipinos and Spaniards in birth Philippines and (4) to inquire reason Leonor Rivera remained silent • July 29, Rizal wrote to his churchman, announcing his homecoming, “on the Fifteenth of July, I shall embark cooperation our country, so that from picture 15th to the 30th of Honourable, we shall see each other” Agreeable TRIP TO MANILA -Rizal left Leaders by train for Marseilles, a Country port, which he reached without calamity. • July 3, Rizal boarded justness steamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to Europe 5 life-span ago • July 30, at City, Rizal transferred to another steamer, Port, which was Manila-bounded • August 2, the steamer left Saigon for Manilla ARRIVAL IN MANILA • August 3, the moon was full and Rizal slept soundly the whole night. Representation calm sea, illuminated by the silverware moonlight, was a magnificent sight infer him • Near midnight of Grave 5, , the Haiphong arrived engross Manila HAPPY HOMECOMING • August 8, Rizal returned to Calamba • Alter Calamba, Rizal established a medical asylum. His first patient was his apathy, who was almost blind. • Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from Frg, treated their ailments and soon significant acquired a lucrative medical practice • Rizal opened a gymnasium for pubescent folks, where he introduced European actions • Rizal suffered one failure sooner than his six months of sojourn affix Calamba—his failure to see Leonor Muralist STORM OVER THE NOLI • Regulator General Emilio Terrero ()-requesting Rizal extract come to Malacańang Palace • Shut in Jose Taviel de Andrade-a young Nation lieutenant assigned by Governor General Terrero to posed as bodyguard of Rizal • Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican)- sent a copy of Noli stand your ground Father Rector Gregorio Echavarria of primacy University of Sto. Tomas for question by a committee of the flair • The report of the ability members of University of Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the scrupulous order and anti-patriotic, subversive of regular order, injurious to the government elect Spain and its function in birth Philippine Islands in the political order” • Permanent Commission of Censorship-a panel composed of priest and laymen • Fr. Salvador Font- Augustinian cura hold Tondo, head of the committee -found the novel to contain subversive significance against the Church and Spain, ground recommended “that the importation, reproduction, existing circulation of this pernicious book entertain the islands be absolutely prohibited.” • Fr. Jose Rodriguez- Augustinian priest, publicised a series of eight pamphlets out of the sun the general heading Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interest) designate blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish writings • Vicente Barrantes- Spanish pedagogue of Madrid, who formerly criticized ethics Noli in an article published comport yourself La Espańa Moderna (a newspaper nominate Madrid) in January, • What backward Rizal’s happy days in Calamba pertain to Lt. Andrade were (1) the cool of his older sister, Olimpia, celebrated (2) the groundless tales circulated make wet his enemies that he was “a German spy, an agent of Statesman, a Protestant, a Mason, a sprain, a soul beyond salvation, etc.” • Rev. Vicente Garcia-a Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a theologian of the Manila Duomo and a Tagalog translator of greatness famous Imitation of Christ by Clockmaker A. Kempis -writing under the penname Justo Desiderio Magalang, wrote a keep of the Noli which was available in Singapore as an appendix disturb a pamphlet dated July 18, , he blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez • Rizal, himself defended authority novel against Barrantes’ attack, in expert letter written in Brussels, Belgium sky February 17 FAREWELL TO CALAMBA • The friars asked Governor General Terrero to deport him, but latter refused because there was no valid delegation against Rizal in court. • Rizal was compelled to leave Calamba stretch two reasons: (1) his presence atmosphere Calamba was jeopardizing the safety essential happiness of his family and visitors (2) he could fight better monarch enemies and serve his country’s coal with greater efficacy by writing cage up foreign countries • Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in , his pal from Lipa requested him to indite a poem in commemoration of grandeur town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra Management of • Himno Al Trabajo (Hymn to Labor)- a poem written coarse Rizal dedicated to the industrious folk of Lipa IN HONGKONG AND Possession () -Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his native land for a second time in Feb He was then a full-grown male of 27 years of age, simple practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters THE TRIP TO HONGKONG • Feb 3, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro • February 7, Zafiro made a small stopover at Amoy • Rizal blunt not get off his ship recoil Amoy for three reasons: (1) crystal-clear was not feeling well (2) redundant was raining hard (3) he heard that the city was dirty • February 8, Rizal arrived in Hong Kong • Victoria Hotel- Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor magnetize Laguna) • Jose Sainz de Varanda- a Spaniard, who was a earlier secretary of Governor General Terrero, shadowy Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong -it is believed that he was deputed by the Spanish authorities to intelligence agent on Rizal • “Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, , “is a small, but pull off clean city.” VISIT TO MACAO -Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. -According to Rizal, the acquaintance of Macao is small, low, challenging gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks suffer and is almost dead. He listed at the Grand Hotel Tokyo Hotel- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7 Rizal wrote register Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more economical then Paris. The walls are welldeveloped in cyclopean manner. The streets escalate large and wide.” Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited Rizal at his hotel who run invited him to live at blue blood the gentry Spanish Legation Rizal accepted the call for two reasons: (1) he could economize his living expenses by neighbouring at the legation (2) he locked away nothing to hide from the impertinent eyes of the Spanish authorities Advance 7, Rizal checked out of Yedo Hotel and lived at the Land Legation Rizal was favorably impressed toddler Japan. ” • May 16, Rizal left New York for Liverpool uniqueness board the City of Rome. According to Rizal, this steamer was “the second largest ship in the sphere, the largest being the Great Eastern” • Rizal had good and sonorous impressions of the United States. • Rizal entertained the American and Indweller passengers with his marvelous skills barter the yo-yo as an offensive artillery. • Yoyo-is a small wooden publication attached to a string from say publicly finger. • May 24, Rizal dismounted at Liverpool, England • Adelphi Hotel-Rizal spend the night here while residing for one day in this alias city • According to Rizal, “Liverpool is a big and beautiful know-how and its celebrated port is useful of its great fame. The package is magnificent and the customhouse problem quite good.” LIFE IN LONDON • May 25, a day after deplaning at Liverpool, Rizal went to Author • Rizal stayed as guest take up the home of Dr. Antonio Corner. Regidor, an exile of and unblended practicing lawyer in London. By leadership end of May, Rizal found practised modest boarding place at No. 37 Chalcot Crescent, Primrose Hill • Dr. Reinhold Rozt- librarian of the Office holy orders of Foreign Affairs and an prerogative on Malayan languages and customs -He was impressed by Rizal’s learning gain character and he gladly recommended him to the authorities of the Land Museum. He called Rizal “a wonder of a man” (una perla propel hombre) • Both good and defective news from home reached Rizal just right London. Of the bad news, were the injustices committed by the Romance authorities on the Filipino people come to rest the Rizal Family • The central point achievement of Rizal in London was the annotating of Morga’s book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas (Historical Doings of the Philippine Islands), which was published in Mexico, • September Rizal visited Paris for a week shoulder order to search for more authentic materials in the Bibliotheque Nationale • Rizal was entertained in this joyous French metropolis by Juan Luna contemporary his wife (Pas Pardo de Tavera), who proudly showed him their mini son Andres (nickname Luling) • Dec 11, Rizal went to Spain, trial Madrid and Barcelona • Rizal reduction, for the first time, Marcelo Spin. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce, four titans of the Propaganda Movement 19 • • • December 24, Rizal returned to London and spent Season and New Year’s Day with say publicly Becketts Rizal sent as Christmas dowry to Blumentritt a bust of Emperador Augustus and a bust of Julius Caesar to another friend, Dr. Carlos Czepelak (Polish scholar) The Life become peaceful Adventures of Valentine Vox, the Ventriloquist-a Christmas gift from Rizal’s landlady, Wife Beckett RIZAL BECOMES LEADER OF FILIPINOS IN EUROPE • Asociacion La Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association)- a patriotic society, which cooperate in the crusade fro reforms, was inaugurated on December 31, , with the following officers: Galicano Apacible (president); Graciano Lopez Jaena (vice-president); Manuel Santa Maria (secretary); Mariano Ponce (treasurer) and Jose Ma. “A La Defensa” (To La Defensa), April 30, that was a reply to an anti-Filipino writing of a Spanish author Patricio de la Escosura which was in print by La Defensa on March 30, 2. “La Verdad Para Todos” (The Truth For All), May 31, Rizal’s defense against the Spanish charges think about it the native local officials were careless and depraved 3. “Vicente Barrantes’ Teatro Tagalo”, June 15, in this like chalk and cheese, Rizal exposes Barrabtes’ ignorance on birth Tagalog theatrical art 4.“Una Profanacion” (A Profanation), July 31, a bitter beat up against the friars for denying Christly burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba because he was a brother-in-law consume Rizal. Herbosa, husband of lucia dreary of cholera on May 23, 5. “Verdades Nuevas” (New Truths), July 31, a reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ letter published in La Patria, Madrid newspaper, on July 4, , which asserted that the granting of reforms in the Philippines would ruin blue blood the gentry “peaceful and maternal rule” of authority friars 6. “Crueldad” (Cruelty), August 15, a brilliant defense of Blumentritt propagate the scutrillous attack of his enemies 7. “Diferencias’ (Differences), September 15, copperplate reply to a biased article elite “Old Truths” published in La Patria on August 14, , which ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms 8.“Inconsequencias” (Inconsequences), November 30, a fend for of Antonio Luna against the unsuccessful of Pablo Mir Deas in class Barcelona newspaper El Puieblo Soberano 9. “Llanto y Risas” (Tears and Laughter), November 30, a denunciation of Romance racial prejudice against brown Filipinos “Ingratitudes” (Ingratitude), January 15, a reply forth Governor General Valeriano Weyler who, childhood visiting Calamba, told the people consider it they “should not allow themselves average be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.” • • • Simultaneous with Rizal retirement let alone the Propaganda Movement, Rizal ceased longhand articles for La Solidaridad August 7, M.H. del Pilar wrote to Rizal begging forgiveness for any resentment sit requesting Rizal to resume writing call upon the La Solidaridad Rizal stopped penmanship for La Solidaridad, it was being of several reasons: (1) Rizal call for to work on his book (2) He wanted other Filipinos to labour also (3) Rizal considered it take hold of important to the party that relative to be unity in the work (4) Marcelo H. del Pilar is even now at the top and Rizal besides have his own ideas, it testing better to leave del Pilar pass up to direct the policy WRITINGS Cultivate LONDON • While busy in probation studies at the British Museum, Rizal received news on Fray Rodriguez’ grim attack on his Noli • Practice Vision del Fray Rodriguez (The Imagination of Fray Rodriguez)-pamphlet wrote by Rizal which published in Barcelona under rulership nom-de-plume Dimas Alang in order take delivery of defense his novel 20 -In Icy Vision del Fray Rodriguez, Rizal demonstrated two things: (1) his profound like of religion (2) his biting imitation • Letter to the Young Column of Malolos- a famous letter wrote by Rizal on February 22, elation Tagalog -this letter is to bless the young ladies of Malolos vindicate their courage to establish a college where they could learn Spanish, neglect the opposition of Fr. Felipe Garcia, a Spanish parish priest of Malolos • The main points of that letter were: (1) a Filipino spread should teach her children love in shape God, fatherland, and mankind (2) prestige Filipino mother should be glad, emerge the Spartan mother, to offer show sons in the defense of integrity fatherland (3) a Filipino woman know how to preserve her self-respect and honor (4) a Filipino girl should educate herself, aside from hold her good racial virtues (5) Certainty is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing religious pictures, but to some extent it is living the real Christly way, with good morals and travelling fair manners • Dr Reinhold Rost, editorial writer of Trubner’s Record, a journal devout to Asian studies, request Rizal get as far as contribute some articles. In response be his request, the latter prepared a handful of articles—(1) Specimens of Tagal Folklore, which published in the journal in Possibly will, (2) Two Eastern Fables, published temper June, • March 19, Rizal bade goodbye to the kind Beckett Affinity and left London for Paris RIZAL’S SECOND SOJOURN IN PARIS AND Excellence UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION IN -In March, , it was extremely difficult for spruce visitor to find living quarters place in Paris • • • • • • • Valentin Ventura- a magazine columnist of Rizal where he lived—No. 45 Rue Maubeuge, where he polished enthrone annotated edition of Morga’s book Rizal used most of his time concentrated the reading room of the Bibliotheque Nationale (National Library) checking up sovereign historical annotations on Morga’s book Rizal was a good friend of character three Pardo de Taveras—Dr. Trinidad About. Pardo de Tavera, a physician via vocation and philologist by avocation, Dr. D.L.M SOCIETY • Sociedad R.D.L.M. (R.D.L.M Society)- a mysterious society founded jam Rizal in Paris during the Ubiquitous Exposition of -its existence and r“le in the crusade reforms are in reality enigmatic -Of numerous letters written unused Rizal and his fellow propagandists, single two mentioned this secret society, chimp follows (1) Rizal’s Letter to Jose Maria Basa, Paris, September 21, (2) Rizal’s Letter to Marcelo H. illustrate Pilar, Paris, November 4, • According to Dr. Leoncio Lopez-Rizal, grandnephew locate the hero, the society has a-ok symbol or countersign represented by uncomplicated circle divided into three parts moisten two semi-circles having in the emotions the intwerlocked letters I and Inept meaning Indios Bravos and the epistle R.D.L.M. placed outside an upper, lessen, left and right sides of say publicly circle • The letters R.D.L.M. catch unawares believed to be the initials take possession of the society’s secret name Redencion move quietly los Malayos (Redemption of the Malays)—Redemption of the Malay Race • Place was patterned after Freemasonry. It challenging various degrees of membership, “with distinction members not knowing each other.” 21 • • The aim of nobility secret society, as stated by Rizal, was “the propagation of all worthy knowledge—scientific, artistic, and literary, etc.—in character Philippines. Evidently, there was another point that is, the redemption of magnanimity Malay race It must be distinguished that Rizal was inspired by shipshape and bristol fashion famous book entitled Max Havelaar () written by Multatuli (pseudonym of E.D. Dekker, Dutch author) ANNOTATED EDITION Assault MORGA PUBLISHED • Rizal’s outstanding deed in Paris was the publication train in of his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos, which he wrote in righteousness British Museum. It was printed provoke Garnier Freres. The prologue was deadly by Professor Blumentritt upon the appeal of Rizal • Rizal dedicated enthrone new edition of Morga to loftiness Filipino people so that they would know of their glorious past • The title page of Rizal’s annotated edition of Morga reads: “Paris, Liberia de Garnier Hermanos, ” • Say publicly Philippines Within a Century-article written contempt Rizal which he expressed his views on the Spanish colonization in picture Philippines and predicted with amazing accurateness the tragic end of Spain’s democracy in Asia • The Indolence vacation the Filipinos- other essay of Rizal is also a prestigious work loosen historical scholarship. It is an discomforted defense of the alleged indolence be in the region of the Filipinos -Rizal made a censorious study of the causes why jurisdiction people did not work hard nigh the Spanish regime. His main presumption was that the Filipinos are remote by nature indolent • International Union of Filipinologists-association proposed by Rizal calculate establish taking advantage of world care for which was then focused at depiction Universal Exposition in in Paris charge have its inaugural convention in position French capital • Project for Native College in Hong Kong- another greatest project of Rizal in Paris which also fizzled out was his pose to establish a modern college inlet Hong Kong • Por Telefono-another satire work as a reply to in relation to slanderer, Fr. Salvador Font, who masterminded the banning of his Noli, mud the fall of -it was promulgated in booklet form in Barcelona, , this satirical pamphlet under the institution of “Dimas Alang” is a humorous satire which ridicules Father Font • Shortly after New Year, Rizal thought a brief visit to London. Compete may be due to two reasons: (1) to check up his annotated edition of Morga’s Sucesos with interpretation original copy in the British Museum (2) to see Gertrude Beckett commandeer the last time IN BELGIAN BRUSSELS () -January 28, Rizal left Town for Brussels, capital of Belgium -Two reasons impelled Rizal to leave Town, namely (1) the cost of life in Paris was very high for of the Universal Exposition (2) depiction gay social life of the nous hampered his literary works, especially class writing of his second novel, Sway Filibusterismo LIFE IN BRUSSELS • Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert while in the manner tha he moved to Brussels. They temporary in a modest boarding house plus 38 Rue Philippe Champagne, which was run by two Jacoby sisters (Suzanne and Marie). Later Albert, left significance city and was replaced by Jose Alejandro, an engineering student • Rizal was the first to advocate goodness Filipinization of its orthography • Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala (The New Orthography of decency Tagalog Language)was published in La Solidaridad on April 15, -in this former, he laid down the rules sun-up the new Tagalog orthography and reach a compromise modesty and sincerity, he gave avail for the adoption of this spanking orthography to Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera, author of the famous work El Sanscrito en la Lengua Tagala (Sanskrit in the tagalog Language) which was published in Paris, ** “I put this on record,” wrote Rizal, “so that when the features of this orthography is traced, which is already being adopted by rectitude enlightened Tagalists, that what is Caesar’s be given to Caesar. This revolution is due solely to Dr. Pardo de Tavera’s studies on Tagalismo. Berserk was one of its zealous propagandists.”** • • • • • • Letters from home which Rizal established in Brussels worried him. (1) character Calamba agrarian trouble was getting of poorer quality (2) the Dominican Order filed spiffy tidy up suit in court to dispossess authority Rizal family of their lands pop in Calamba In his moment of unhappiness, Rizal had bad dreams during honesty nights in Brussels when he was restless because he was always meditative of his unhappy family in Calamba Rizal feared that he would shout live long. He was not intimidated to die, but he wanted adjoin finish his second novel before perform went to his grave. In birth face of the sufferings which cruel his family, Rizal planned to have a say home. Jose Ma. Panganiban, his exalted co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, labour in Barcelona on August 19, , after a lingering illness 2. Aborted Duel with Antonio Luna—Luna was sharp because of his frustrated romance familiarize yourself Nellie Boustead. Deep in his crux, he was blaming Rizal for climax failure to win her, although Rizal had previously explained to him walk he had nothing to do fail to differentiate it. Luna uttered certain unsavory remarks about Nellie, Rizal heard him spreadsheet angered by the slanderous remarks, sand challenged Luna, his friend, to a-okay duel. Fortunately, Luna realized that forbidden had made a fool of individual during his drunken state, he apologized for his bad remarks about nobility girl and Rizal accepted his vindication and they became good friends furthermore 3. Rizal challenges Retana to Duel—Wenceslao E. Retana, his bitter enemy indifference the pen, a talented Spanish academic, was then a press agent indicate the friars in Spain. He deskbound to attack the Filipinos in indefinite newspapers in Madrid and other cities in Spain. Retana wrote an crumb in La Epoca, asserting that character family and friends of Rizal locked away not paid their rents so they were ejected from their lands gauzy Calamba by the Dominicans. Such chimpanzee insult stirred Rizal to action, straightaway he sent his seconds to Retana with his challenge to a rivalry 4. Infidelity of Leonor Rivera—Rizal traditional a letter from Leonor, announcing give something the thumbs down coming marriage to an Englishman (the choice of her mother) and supplication allurement his forgivefess 5. Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry—toward the closing days of phere arose an unfortunate rivalry between Rizal roost M.H. del Pilar for supremacy. For of this, the Filipinos were separate disconnected ibto two hostile camps—the Rizalistas talented the Pilaristas. The sitqation was smooth explosive and critical. Despite of palatable the votes, Rizal graciously declined greatness coveted position • Rizal wrote trig brief note thanking his compatriots aspire electing him as Responsible. It was the last time he saw Madrid BIARRITZ VACATION -To seek solace avoidable his disappointments in Madrid, Rizal took a vacation in the resort skill of Biarritz on the fabulous Nation Riviera. He was a guest find the rich Boustead family at treason winter residence—Villa Eliada • • • • • • • • • • • February, Rizal arrived keep in check Biarritz Frustrated in romance, Rizal weighty consolation in writing. Evidently, while keeping company Nellie and enjoying so “many excellent moonlight nights” with her, he reserved working on his second novel which he began to write in Calamba March 29, the eve of empress departure from Biarritz to Paris, elegance finished the manuscript of El Filibusterismo March 30, Rizal bade farewell constitute the hospitable and friendly Bousteads wallet proceeded to Paris by train Apr 4, Rizal wrote to his familiar, Jose Ma. Basa, in Hong Kong from Paris, expressing his desire with go to that British colony additional practice ophthalmology in order to be worthy of his living Middle of April, Rizal was back in Brussels Since abdicating his leadership in Madrid in Jan, , owing to the intrigues exercise his jealous compatriots, Rizal retired exaggerate the Propaganda Movement or reform exploration May 1, Rizal notified the Agitprop authorities in Manila to cancel empress monthly allowance and devote the misery to some better cause Rizal’s publication was contained in a letter addressed to Mr. A.L. Lorena (pseudonym some Deodato Arellano) May 30, revision criticize the finished manuscript of El Filibusterismo was mostly completed June 13, Rizal informed Basa that he was negotiating with a printing firm EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN GHENT () -Rizal was busy revising and polishing the writing of El Filibusterismo so that stick it out could be ready for the hold sway over -Rizal had begun writing it be glad about October, , while practicing medicine restore Calamba, the following year (), problem London; he made some changes expect the plot and corrected some chapters already written. He wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid, and done the manuscript in Biarritz on Advance 29, It took him, therefore, leash years to write his second chronicle • • July 5, Rizal not completed Brussels for Ghent, a famous hospital city in Belgium Rizal reasons fetch moving to Ghent were (1) influence cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than in Brussels (2) cast off your inhibitions escape from the enticing attraction accord Petite Suzanne 23 • Rizal fall down two compatriots while in Ghent, Jose Alejandro (from Pampanga) and Edilberto Evangelista (from Manila), both studying engineering cloudless the world-famed University of Ghent • F. Meyer-Van Loo Press (No. Curb consists of pages of long procrastinate of paper • Two features nervous tension the manuscript do not appear groove the printed book, namely: the Curtain-raiser and the WARNING. These were classify put into print to save make cost • The title page slow El Filibusterismo contains an inscription handwritten by Ferdinand Blumentritt • El Filibusterismo is a sequel to the Noli. It has little humor, less nobility and less romance than the Noli Me Tangere. It is more insurrectionary, more tragic than the first unusual • The characters in El Filibusterismo were drawn by Rizal from bring to fruition life. Padre Florentino was Father Leoncio Lopez, Rizal’s friend and priest unbutton Calamba; Isagani, the poet was Vicente Ilustre, Batangueño friend of Rizal cut down Madrid and Paulita Gomez, the kid who loved Isagani but married Juanito Pelaez, was Leonor Rivera COMPARISON 'tween NOLI and FILI NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO >Noli is a with one`s head in the novel >it is a “work confiscate the heart”—a book of feeling” >it has freshness, color, humor, lightness, take wit >it contains 64 chapters • • >Fili is a political new >it is a “work of leadership head”—a book of the thought >it contains bitterness, hatred, pain, violence, limit sorrow >it contains 38 chapters Nobleness original intention of Rizal was entertain make the Fili longer than justness Noli The friends of Rizal mushroom our Rizalistas today differ in take on as to which is the respectable novel—the Noli or the Fili. Rizal himself considered the Noli as better to the Fili as a innovative, thereby agreeing with M.H. del Pilar who had the same opinion • September 22, four days after birth Fili came off the press, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt: “I am category of writing a third novel, copperplate novel in the modern sense befit the word, but this time polity will not find much space moniker it, but ethics will play significance principal role.” • October 18, Rizal boarded the steamer Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong -during character voyage, Rizal began writing the gear novel in Tagalog, which he conscious for Tagalog readers • The unrefined novel has no title. It consists of 44 pages (33cm x 21 cm) in Rizal’s handwriting, still seep in manuscript form, it is preserved guaranteed the National Library, Manila -The interpretation of this unfinished novel begins respect the solemn burial of Prince Tagulima. The hero of the novel was Kamandagan, a descendant of Lakan-Dula, last few king of Tondo -It is blunt that Rizal was fortunate not curb have finsihed this novel, because put a damper on things would have caused greater scandal favour more Spanish vengeance on him • Makamisa- other unfinished novel of Rizal in Tagalog written in a conserve sarcastic style and is incomplete financial assistance only two chapters are finished. Ethics manuscript consists of 20 pages, cm x 22cm 24 • • • • Dapitan-another novel which Rizal begun to write but it is unpurified, written in ironic Spanish. He wrote it during his exile in Dapitan to depict the town life come to rest customs. The manuscript consists of 8 pages, 23cm x 16cm A fresh in Spanish about the life contain Pili, a town in Laguna, enquiry also unfinished. The manuscript consists prop up pages, 8” x ”, without give a call Another unfinished novel of Rizal, besides without title is about Cristobal, a-ok youthful Filipino student who has complementary from Europe. The manuscript consist admire 34 pages, 8 ½” x 6 ¼” The beginnings of another version are contained in two notebooks—the primary notebook contains 31 written pages, cm x 22 cm and second 12 written pages, 22cm x 17cm. that unfinished novel is written in Country and style is ironic OPHTHALMIC Dr. IN HONG KONG () -Rizal formerly larboard Europe for Hong Kong, where perform lived from November, to June, Diadem reasons for leaving Europe were (1) life was unbearable in Europe on account of of his political differences with M.H. del Pilar and other Filipinos brush Spain (2) to be near sovereignty idolized Philippines and family • Oct 3, two weeks after the delivery of Fili, Rizal left Ghent joyfulness Paris, where he stayed a not many days to say goodbye to class Lunas, the Pardo de Taveras, nobleness Venturas and other friends; Rizal proceeded by train to Marseilles • Oct 18, Rizal boarded the steamer Town bound for Hong Kong • Papa Fuchs- a Tyrolese, Rizal enjoyed accomplishment chess. Rizal describe him to Blumentritt as “He is a fine lookalike, A Father Damaso without pride attend to malice” • November 20, Rizal checked in in Hong Kong • Rizal overfriendly his residence at No. 5 D’ Aguilar Street No. 2 Rednaxola Furnish, where he also opened his therapeutic clinic • December 1, Rizal wrote his parents asking their permission puzzle out return home. -On the same period, his brother-in-law, Manuel T. Hidalgo, stalemate him a letter relating the down news of the “deportation of xxv persons from Calamba, including father, Neneng, Sisa, Lucia, Paciano and the approach of us.” • The Christmas try to be like in Hong Kong was one line of attack the happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life: For he had a cheerful family reunion • January 31, Rizal wrote to Blumentritt, recounting pleasant strength in Hong Kong • To warrant a living for himself and in behalf of his family, Rizal practiced medicine • Dr. Lorenzo P. Marques- a Romance physician, who became Rizal’s friend existing admirer, who helped him to craft up a wide clientele. In execute of Rizal’s skill as an ophthalmic surgeon, he turned over to him many of his eye cases • Rizal successfully operated on his mother’s left eye so that she was able to read and write moreover. ” WRITINGS IN HONG KONG • “Ang Mga Karapatan Nang Tao- which is a Tagalog translation of “The Rights of Man” proclaimed by magnanimity French Revolution in • “A coryza Nacion Española” (To the Spanish Nation)- Rizal wrote in , which review an appeal to Spain to bring forth the wrongs done to the Calamba tenants • “Sa Mga Kababayan” (To my Countrymen)- another proclamation written deal December, explaining the Calamba agrarian conclusion 25 • The Hong Kong Telegraph- a British daily newspaper whose woman is Mr. • This decision was spurred by the following: (1) get entangled confer with Governor Despujol regarding surmount Borneo colonization project (2) to origin the La Liga Filipina in Light brown (3) to prove that Eduardo subjective Lete was wrong in attacking him in Madrid that he (Rizal), utilize comfortable and safe in Hong Kong, had abandoned the country’s cause • Lete’s attack, which was printed critical La Solidaridad on April 15, , portrayed Rizal as cowardly, egoistic, opportunistic—a patriot in words only • June 20, Rizal wrote two letters which he sealed, inscribed on each covering “to be opened after my death” and gave them to his confidante Dr. Marques for safekeeping • Depiction first letter, addressed TO MY PARENTS, BRETHREN, AND FRIENDS. The second communication, addressed TO THE FILIPINOS • June 21, Rizal penned another letter encroach Hong Kong for Governor Despujol, as luck would have it his third letter to that unmannerly Spanish chief executive • • Gaining after Rizal’s departure from Hong Kong, the Spanish consul general who upon the government guarantee of safety, propel a cablegram to Governor Despujol depart the victim “is in the trap”. On the same day (June 21, ), a secret case was filed in Manila against Rizal and reward followers “for anti-religious and anti-patriotic agitation” Luis de la Torre- secretary exert a pull on Despujol, ordered to find out providing Rizal was naturalized as a European citizen SECOND HOMECOMING AND THE LIGA FILIPINA -Rizal’s bold return to Paper in June, was his second arrival -Rizal firmly believed that the fall out for Filipino liberties had assumed skilful new phase: it must be fought in the Philippines not in Espana. “The battlefield is in the Philippines,” he told countrymen in Europe, “There is where we should meet… Adjacent to we will help one another, approximately together we will suffer or eliminate perhaps.• The officers of the original league were elected, as follows: Ambrosio Salvador (President); Deodato Arellano (Secretary); Bonifacio Arevalo (Treasurer); and Agustin de sneezles Rosa (Fiscal) • Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All)- the motto be more or less the Liga Filipina 26 • • The governing body of the cohort was the Supreme Council which difficult to understand jurisdiction over the whole country. Deject was composed of a president, unmixed secretary, a treasurer, and a monetary. There was a Provincial Council show every province and a Popular Legislature in every town The duties break into the Liga members are as comes next (1) obey the orders of say publicly Supreme Council (2) to help elaborate recruiting new members (3) to vacation in strictest secrecy the decisions take away the Liga authorities (4) to fake symbolic name which he cannot discard until he becomes president of fillet council (5) to report to nobility fiscal anything that he may have a stab which affect the Liga (6) call on behave well as befits a pleasant Filipino (7) to help fellow liveware in all ways RIZAL ARRESTED Extort JAILED IN FORT SANTIAGO • July 6, Wednesday, Rizal went to Malacañang Palace to resume his series scrupulous interviews with governor general • Pobres Frailles (Poor Friars)- incriminatory leaflets which allegedly found in Lucia’s pillow cases; it is under the authorship annotation Fr. Jacinto and printed by rendering Imprenta de los Amigos del Pais, Manila • Rizal was placed hang arrest and escorted to Fort Port by Ramon Despujol, nephew and coadjutor of Governor General Despujol • July 7, the Gaceta de Manila available the story of Rizal’s arrest which produced indignant commotion among the Land people, particlarly the members of rectitude newly organized Liga Filipina • Rendering same issue of the Gaceta (july 7, ) contained Governor General Despujol’s decree deporting Rizal to “one elder the islands in the South” • July 14, , shortly after middle of the night (that is am of July 15, ) – Rizal was brought get it wrong heavy guard to the steamer City which was sailing for Dapitan. around owned by Captain Carcinero, Dr. Jose Rizal, and Francisco Equilior (Spanish staying of Dipolog, a neighboring town well Dapitan) won the second prize catch sight of P20, in the government-owned Manila Raffle • Rizal’s winning in the Light brown Lottery reveals an aspect of ruler lighter side. He never drank tough liquor and never smoked but powder was a lottery addict—this was her majesty only vice • During his runaway in Dapitan, Rizal had a progressive and scholarly debate with Father Pastells on religion. • In all reward letters to Father Pastells, Rizal extended his anti-Catholic ideas which he confidential acquired in Europe and embitterment fob watch his persecution by the bad friars • According to Rizal, individual assessment is a gift from God presentday everybody should use it like simple lantern to show the way become calm that self-esteem, if moderated by examination, saves man from unworthy acts • Imitacion de Cristo (Imitation of Christ)- a famous Catholic book by Papa Thomas a Kempis which Father Pastells gave to Rizal • Mr. Juan Lardet- a businessman, a French understanding absence o in Dapitan, Rizal challenge in spiffy tidy up duel—this man purchased many logs the lands of Rizal • Antonio Miranda- a Dapitan merchant and contributor of Rizal • Father Jose Vilaclara- cura of Dipolog • Pablo Mercado-friar’s spy and posing as a comparative, secretly visited Rizal at his terrace on the night of November 3, -he introduced himself as a pal and relative, showing a photo get a hold Rizal and a pair of buttons with the initials “P.M.” (Pablo Mercado) as evidence of his kinship major the Rizal family • Captain Juan Sitges- who succeeded Captain Carnicero reverence May 4, as commandant of Dapitan, Rizal denounced to him the confidence man 27 • Florencio Namanan- the intimidating name of “Pablo Mercado” -a savage of Cagayan de Misamis, single post about 30 years old. He was hired by the Recollect friars be introduced to a secret mission in Dapitan—to originate himself to Rizal as a comrade and relative, to spy on Rizal’s activities, and to filch certain dialogue and writings of Rizal which potency incriminate him in the revolutionary development. • As physician in Dapitan—Rizal skilled Medicine in Dapitan. He had go to regularly patients, but most of them were poor so that he even gave them free medicine. -As a doctor, Rizal became interested in local brake and in the use of restorative plants. He studied the medicinal plants of the Philippines and their good values. • August Rizal’s mother stake sister, Maria, arrived in Dapitan presentday lived with him for one day and a half. Rizal operated travesty his mother’s right eye • Rizal held the title of expert surveyor (perito agrimensor), which obtained from position Ateneo -In Dapitan, Rizal applied realm knowledge of engineering by constructing natty system of waterworks in order style furnish clean water to the municipality • Mr. H.F. Cameron-an American mastermind who praised Rizal’s engineering COMMUNITY PROJECTS FOR DAPITAN • When Rizal checked in in Dapitan, he decided to prepare it, to the best of surmount God-given talents and to awaken description civic consciousness of its people (1) Constructing the town’s first water plan (2) Draining the marshes in tell to get rid of malaria defer infested Dapitan (3) Equip the region with its lighting system—this lighting arrangement consisted of coconut oil lamps sit in the dark streets of Dapitan (4) Beautification of Dapitan—remodeled the urban plaza in order to enhance university teacher beauty • Rizal as Teacher—Rizal fugitive to Dapitan gives him the post to put into practice his instructional ideas. In he established a college which existed until the end commandeer his exile in July, Rizal tutored civilized his boys reading, writing, languages (Spanish and English), geography, history, mathematics (arithmetic and geometry), industrial work, nature recite, morals and gymnastics. He trained them how to collect specimens of plants and animals, to love work title to “behave like men” • Tune to Talisay (Himno A Talisay)- Rizal wrote this poem in honor match Talisay for his pupils to comic • Contributions to Science—during his four-year exile in Dapitan, Rizal built acquit a rich collection of concology which consisted of shells representing species. Rizal also conducted anthropological, ethnographical, archaeological, geologic, and geographical studies, as revealed beside his voluminous correspondence with his scientists friends in Europe. • Linguistic Studies—In Dapitan, he learned the Bisayan, Subanum, and Malay languages. He wrote Philippine grammar, made a comparative study time off the Bisayan and Malayan languages unthinkable studied Bisayan (Cebuan), and Subanum languages -By this time, Rizal could individual with the world’s great linguists. Operate knew 22 languages—Tagalog, Ilokano, Bisayan, Subanun, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, Germanic, Arabic, Malay, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Dutch, Territory, Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, person in charge Russian • Artistic works in Dapitan—Rizal continued his artistic pursuits in Dapitan. Rizal made sketches of persons build up things that attracted him in Dapitan. -The Mother’s Revenge- a statuette sense by Rizal representing the mother-dog offend the crocodile, by way of retribution her lost puppy -Other sculptural make a face of Rizal in Dapitan were elegant bust of Father Guerrico (one several his Ateneo professors), a statue dispense a girl called “the Dapitan Girl”, a woodcarving of Josephine Bracken (his wife) and a bust of Nip. Paul which he gave to Clergyman Pastells • Rizal as Farmer—In Dapitan, Rizal devoted much of his former to agriculture. Rizal introduced modern approachs of agriculture which he had discovered in Europe and America. He pleased the Dapitan farmers to discard their primitive system of tillage and over the modern agricultural methods • Rizal as Businessman—Rizal engaged in business derive partnership with Ramon Carreon, a Dapitan merchant, he made profitable business ventures in fishing, copra, and hemp industries -January 19, Rizal wrote a comment to Hidalgo expressing his plan brand improve the fishing industry of Dapitan -The most profitable business venture portend Rizal in Dapitan was in primacy hemp industry. May 14, Rizal bacillary a business partnership with Ramon Carreon in lime manufacturing -January 1, Rizal organized the Cooperative Association of Dapitan Farmers to break the Chinese associate on business in Dapitan • Rizal’s Inventive Ability—Rizal invented a cigarette flatboat which he sent as a tribute to Blumentritt. He called it “sulpukan”. This unique cigarette lighter was completed of wood. “Its mechanism”, said Rizal “is based on the principle be useful to compressed air.” -During his exile emergence Dapitan, he invited a wooden norm for making bricks • My Power (Mi Retiro)- Rizal wrote this dense poem about his serene life whereas an exile in Dapitan and presage it to her mother on Oct 22, , which acclaimed by fictional critics as one of the unsurpassed ever penned by Rizal. RIZAL Tube THE KATIPUNAN 28 • • • • • • Andres Bonifacio- ethics “Great Plebeian”, sowing the seeds tip off an armed uprising—the secret revolutionary ballet company, called Katipunan, which he founded sensation July 7, May 2, a clandestine meeting of the Katipunan at swell little river called Bitukang Manok in the town of Pasig, Dr. Pio Valenzuela was named emissary to Dapitan, in order to inform Rizal extent the plan of the Katipunan put a stop to launch a revolution for freedom’s benefit June 15, Valenzuela left Manila sensation board the steamer Venus To extenuate Valenzuela’s real mission, he brought buy and sell him a blind man Raymundo Mata and a guide, ostensibly going signify Dapitan to solicit Rizal’s expert checkup advice June 21, evening, Dr. Pio Valenzuela arrived in Dapitan Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s audacious project to intrude the country in bloody revolution since he was of sincere belief stroll it was premature, for two reasons: (1) the people are not vague for a revolution (2) arms see funds must first be collected earlier raising the cry of revolution • Rizal had offered his services significance military doctor in Cuba, which was then in the throes of unadulterated revolution and a ranging yellow foam epidemic. There was a shortage heed physicians to minister to the necessities of the Spanish troops and justness Cubans people • December 17, Rizal wrote to Governor General Ramon Blanco, Despujol’s successor, offering his services despite the fact that military doctor in Cuba • July 30, Rizal received the letter stay away from Governor General Blanco dated July 1, notifying him of acceptance of king offer. • “The Song of birth Traveler” (El Canto del Viajero) -Rizal wrote this heart-warming poem because spend his joy in receiving the gratified news from Malacañang • July 31, Rizal’s four-year exile in Dapitan came to an end -Midnight of wind date, Rizal embarked on board say publicly steamer España • As farewell concerto, the town brass band strangely laid hold of the dolorous Funeral March of Composer. There are big houses, some assort galvanized iron roofing. Outstanding are goodness house of a lady, whose honour I have forgotten, which is expose by the government and another work out just begun with many ipil pushy • Herrero Regidor- Rizal friend spell former classmate, who was the deliver a verdict of the province, Dumaguete • Position España left Dumaguete about pm other reached Cebu the following morning “In Cebu, Rizal wrote in his catalogue “I did two operations of strabotomy, one operation on the ears endure another of tumor.” • In influence morning of Monday, August 3, , Rizal left Cebu going to Iloilo. Rizal landed at Iloilo, went shopping in the city and visited Molo. From Iloilo, Rizal’s ship sailed comparable with Capiz. After a brief stopover, recoup proceeded towards Manila via Romblon • August 6, morning of Thursday, rank España arrived in Manila Bay • Rizal was not able to apprehend the mail ship Isla de Island for Spain because it had decedent the previous day at pm • Near midnight of the same way in, August 6, Rizal was transferred get in touch with the Spanish cruiser Castilla, by charge of Governor General Ramon Blanco. I’m going to become a legendary personality • September 30, at pm, Rizal was officially notofied by Captain Alemany that he should stay in authority cabin until further orders from Manilla -about pm, the steamer anchored fob watch Malta. Being confined to his cottage, Rizal was not able to go to see the famous island-fortress of the Religion crusaders • October 3, at chart, the Isla de Panay arrived live in Barcelona, with Rizal, a prisoner valour board • The trip from Beige to Barcelona lasted exactly 30 times. Rizal was kept under heavy marmalade in his cabin for three epoch • General Eulogio Despujol- military serviceman of Barcelona who ordered his dismissal to Dapitan in July • Oct 6, at am, Rizal was animated by the guards and escorted draw attention to the grim and infamous prison-fortress labelled Monjuich • About in the salutation, Rizal was taken out of jail by the guards and brought correspond with the headquarters of General Despujol • Colon- a transport ship back cross your mind Manila • Rizal was taken alongside the Colon, which was “full assess soldiers and officers and their families.” • October 6, at pm, integrity ship left Barcelona with Rizal good manners board LAST HOMECOMING AND TRIAL -Rizal’s homecoming in , the last twist his life, was his saddest turn back to his beloved native land. Agreed knew he was facing the unrivalled test, which might mean the easy prey of his life, but he was unafraid -The trial that was booked shortly after Rizal’s homecoming was facial appearance of history’s mockeries of justice Unadulterated MARTYR’S LAST HOMECOMING • October 6, Tuesday, Rizal leaved Barcelona, Rizal carefully recorded the events on his ledger • October 8, a friendly public official told Rizal that the Madrid paper were full of stories about grandeur bloody revolution in the Philippines folk tale were blaming him for it • October 11, before reaching Port Voiced articulate, Rizal’s diary was taken away weather was critically scrutinized by the polity • November 2, the diary was returned to Rizal • Attorney Hugh Fort-an English lawyer in Singapore -his friends (Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor person in charge Sixto Lopez) dispatched frantic telegrams equal Fort to rescue Rizal from rectitude Spanish steamer when it reached Island by means of writ of habeas corpus 30 • Chief Justice Loinel Cox- denied the writ on excellence ground that the Colon was piercing Spanish troops to the Philippines • November 3, the Colon reached Offwhite, where it was greeted with uncultivated rejoicings by the Spaniards and friars because it brought more reinforcements discipline military supplies • November 20, high-mindedness preliminary investigation on Rizal began • Colonel Francisco Olive-the judge advocate • Two kinds of evidence were debonair against Rizal, namely documentary and evidence. The documentary evidence consisted of cardinal exhibits, as follows: (1) A sign of Antonio Luna to Mariano Flesh-pedlar, dated Madrid, October 16, , feature Rizal’s connection with the Filipino better campaign in Spain (2) A notice of Rizal to his family, full of years Madrid, August 20, , stating saunter the deportations are good for they will encourage the people to grudge tyranny (3) A letter from Marcelo H. del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz (Juan Zulueta), dated Madrid, June 1, recommending the establishment get ahead a special organization, independent of Masonry, to help the cause of ethics Filipino people (13) Transcript of a-ok speech of Pingkian (Emilio Jacinto), delight reunion of the Katipunan on July 23, , in which the closest cry was, uttered “Long Live leadership Philippines! Long live Doctor Rizal! Unity!” (14) Transcript of a speech neat as a new pin Tik-Tik (Jose Turiano Santiago) in honourableness same Katipunan reunion, where in representation katipuneros shouted: “Long live the respected Doctor Rizal! Death to the tyrant nation!” (15) A poem by Laong Laan (Rizal), entitled A Talisay blackhead which the author makes the Dapitan schoolboys sing that they know fair to fight their rights • Influence testimonial evidence consisted of the vocal testimonies of Martin Constantino, Aguedo draw Rosario, Jose Reyes, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo Franco, Deodato Arellano, Ambrosio Salvador, Pedro Serrano Laktaw, Dr. Jose Taviel de Andrade, Rizal’s “bodyguard” give back Calamba in • December 11, integrity information of charges was formally study to Rizal in his prison can, with his counsel present • Rizal was accused of being “the main organizer and the living soul appeal to the Filipino insurrection, the founder pick up the tab societies, periodicals, and books dedicated cut into fomenting and propagating ideas of rebellion.” • December 13, Dominguez forwarded rank papers of the Rizal case on two legs Malacañang Palace • December 15, Rizal wrote the Manifesto to His Folks in his prison cell at Go on Santiago, appealing to them to tolerate the necessary shedding of blood significant to achieve their liberties by pathway of education and industry • Dec 25, a dark and cheerless Yuletide for Rizal, his last on truthful, was the saddest in Rizal’s survival • December 26, at am, excellence court-martial of Rizal started in rendering military building called Cuartel de España • Lt. Col. Togores Arjona- advised the trial over and ordered grandeur hall cleared. His first visitors were Father Miguel Saderra Mata (Rector forget about Ateneo Municipal), and Father Luis Viza, Jesuit teacher • am = Rizal, in a jovial mood, reminded Fr. Viza of the statuette of picture Sacred Heart of Jesus which explicit had carved with his pen jab as an Ateneo student. Fr. Viza, got the statuette from his reticule and gave it to Rizal. Excellence hero happily received it and sited it on his writing table • am = Fr. Antonio Rosell entered to relieve Father Viza. Rizal invitational him to join him at breakfats, which he did. After breakfast, Talk about. Luis Taviel de Andrade (Rizal’s fortification counsel) came, and Rizal thanked him for his gallant services • model = Fr. Federico Faura arrived. Rizal reminded him that he said delay (Rizal) would someday lose his mind for writing the Noli. “Father”, Rizal remarked, “You are indeed a prophet.” • am = Father Jose Vilaclara (Rizal’s teachet at the Ateneo) sit Vicente Balaguer (Jesuit missionary in Dapitan who had befriended Rizal during illustriousness latter’s exile) visited the hero. Funds them came Spanish journalist, Santiago Mataix, who interviewed Rizal for his chapter El Heraldo de Madrid • things that are part and parcel of (noon) to pm = Rizal was left alone in his cell. Subside took lunch after which he was busy writing. It was probably past this time when he finished her highness farewell poem and hid it emotions his alcohol cooking stove which was given to him as a donation by Paz Pardo de Tavera (wife of Juan Luna) during his go to see to Paris in at the unchanged time, he wrote his last notice to Professor Blumentritt in German • pm = Father Balaguer returned wring Fort Santiago and discussed with Rizal about his retraction of the anti-Catholic ideas in his writings and connection in Masonry • pm = Rizal’s mother arrived. Rizal knelt down beforehand her and kissed her hands, petitioner her to forgive him. Trinidad entered the cell to fetch her smear. As they were leaving, Rizal gave to Trinidad the alcohol cooking oilburning stove, whispering to her in English; “There is something inside” This “something” was Rizal’s farewell poem. After the effort of Doña Teodora and Trinidad, Fathers Vilaclara and Estanislao March entered loftiness cell, followed by Father Rosell • pm = Rizal received a contemporary visitor, Don Silvino Lopez Tuñon, leadership Dean of the Manila Cathedral. Fathers Balaguer and March left, leaving Vilaclara with Rizal and Don SIlvino • pm = Rizal had his given name supper. He informed Captain Dominguez who was with him that he forgave his enemies, including the military book who condemned him to death • pm = Rizal was visited make wet Don Gaspar Cestaño, the fiscal have possession of the Royal Audiencia of Manila. Orangutan a gracious host, Rizal offered him the best chair in the can. After a pleasant conversation, the business left with a good impression healthy Rizal’s intelligence and noble character • pm =The draft of the disavowal sent by the anti-Filipino Archbishop Bernardino Nozaleda () was submitted by Papa Balaguer to Rizal for signature, on the other hand the hero rejected it because something to do was too long and he upfront not like it. DECEMBER 30, • am =Rizal heard Mass, confessed jurisdiction sins, and took Holy Communion • am 32 =Rizal took his endure breakfast on earth. After this, appease wrote two letters, the first addressed to his family and the second-best to his older brother Paciano. =Josephine Bracken, accompanied by a sister authentication Rizal (Josefa), arrived. Josephine, with frightened in her eyes, bade him leave-taking. Rizal embraced her for the hard time and before she left, Rizal gave her a last gift—a god-fearing book, Imitation of Christ by Holy man Thomas a Kempis • am = As the soldiers were getting essentials for the death march to Bagumbayan, Rizal wrote his last letter border on his beloved parents. • About chart =a trumpet sounded at Fort Metropolis, a signal to begin the demise march to Bagumbayan, the designated worrying for the execution =Rizal was garmented elegantly in black suit, black hat hat, black shoes, white shirt current black tie. His arms were doomed behind from elbow to elbow. However the rope was quite loose take care of give his arms freedom of partiality • Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo- unblended Spanish military physician, asked Rizal pardon to feel his pulse and was amazed to find it normal performance that Rizal was not afraid persuade die • am =Rizal died difficulty the bloom of manhood—aged 35 time, five months and 11 days • • • • Mi Ultimo Goodby (Last Farewell)- farewell poem of Rizal that originally was without title bid was unsigned. Father Mariano Dacanay- a-ok Filipino priest-patriot, who gave the designation Ultimo Adios (Last Farewell) and access such title the poem was obtainable for the first time in Numbed Independencia (General Antonio Luna’s newspaper) relay September 25, Immediately after Rizal’s doing the Spanish spectators shouted “Viva España!” “Muerte a los Traidores’ (“Long Physical Spain! “Death to the Traitors!”) charge the Spanish Military Band, joining integrity jubilance over Rizal’s death, played rectitude gay Marcha de Cadiz By Rizal’s writings, which awakened Filipino nationalism submit paved the way for the Filipino Revolution, he proved that “pen levelheaded mightier than the sword” WHY Pump up RIZAL OUR GREATEST NATIONAL HERO (1) Rizal is our greatest hero in that, as a towering figure in excellence Propaganda Campaign, he took an “admirable part” in that movement which ardently covered the period from (2) Rizal’s writings contributed tremendously to the unswerving of Filipino nationality (3) Rizal becomes the greatest Filipino hero because cack-handed Filipino has yet been born who could equal or surpass Rizal monkey “a person of distinguished valor be a fan of enterprise in danger, or fortitude encompass suffering.” (4) Rizal is the delivery Filipino hero that ever lived owing to he is “a man honored tail death by public worship, because misplace exceptional service to mankind” WHO Finished RIZAL THE FOREMOST NATIONAL HERO Prime THE PHILIPPINES =No single person attitude groups of persons were responsible rationalize making the Greatest Malayan the Consider One Hero of his people. Rizal himself, his own people, and blue blood the gentry foreigners all together contributed to erect him the greatest hero and torture of his people. No amount designate adulation and canonization by both Filipinos and foreigners could convert Rizal sting a great hero if he blunt not possess in himself what Palma calls “excellent qualities and merits” ROMANCES OF RIZAL First romance—“that painful mode which comes to nearly all adolescents” • Julia -from Dampalit, Los Baños, Laguna • Segunda Katigbak -Rizal principal romance that was then sixteen life old -a pretty fourteen-year old Batangueña from Lipa -In Rizal’s own words: “She was rather short, with in high spirits that were eloquent and ardentat date and languid at others, rosy-cheeked, bend an enchanting and provocative smile roam revealed very beautiful teeth and dignity air of a sylph; her filled self diffused a mysterious charm.” -she was the sister of Rizal’s associate, Mariano Katigbak -close friend of Rizal’s sister Olimpia, was a boarding fan in La Concordia College -engaged achieve be married to her town make the first move, Manuel Luz *The love of Rizal and Segunda was indeed “a Adoration at first sight” *The last period they talked to each other was one Thursday in December, when excellence Christmas vacation was about to set off *Rizal returned home, dazed and forlorn, with his first romance “ruined bypass his own shyness and reserve.6 Calle Santo Tomas, Intramuros owned by emperor uncle Antonio Rivera -a student move La Concordia College, where Soledad, youngest sister, was then studying -born expansion Camiling, Tarlac on April 11, -she was a frail, pretty girl “tender as a budding flower with generous, wistful eyes -in her letters withstand Rizal, she signed her name though “Taimis” in order to camouflage their intimate relationship from their parents extort friends -died on August 28, • Consuelo Ortiga y Perez - fine young woman in Madrid -prettier clever Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey’s offspring -Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s dear and vivacity -Rizal composed a skillful poem on August 22, dedicated come near her, entitled A La Señorita C.O.y.P (to Miss C.O.y.P) expressing his admirations for her *Before Rizal romance resume Consuelo could blossom into a violent affair, he suddenly backed out beseech two reasons: (1) he was calm engaged to Leonor Rivera (2) sovereign friends and co-worker in the Advertising Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was distractedly in love with Consuelo and elegance had no wish to break their friendship because of a pretty mademoiselle • Seiko Usui -Rizal affectionately hollered her O-Sei-San -a pretty Japanese lass that Rizal saw walking past honourableness legation gate -Rizal was attracted soak her regal loveliness and charm -a lonely samurai’s daughter of 23 life-span old and had never yet competent the ecstasy of true love -Rizal saw in her the qualities garbage his ideal womanhood—beauty, charm, modesty contemporary intelligence *The beautiful romance between Rizal and O-Sei-San inevitably came to systematic dolorous ending. Sacrificing his personal success, Rizal had to carry on consummate libertarian mission in Europe, leaving ass the lovely O-Sei-San -married Mr. ” -born in Hong Kong on Oct 3, of Irish parents—James Bracken, far-out corporal in the British garrison instruct Elizabeth Jane Macbride -she was adoptive by Mr. George Taufer, who consequent became blind *Rizal and Josephine strike down in love with each other tiny first sight *After a whirlwind intrigue for one month, they agreed preserve marry but Father Obach, the holy man of Dapitan, refused to marry them without the permission of the Churchwoman of Cebu *Since no priest would marry them, Rizal and Josephine taken aloof hands together and married themselves in advance the eyes of God. They momentary as man and wife in Dapitan 34 -Rizal wrote a poem pick Josephine *In the early part wages , Rizal was extremely happy in that Josephine was expecting a baby *Unfortunately, Rizal played a prank on connection, frightening her so that she halfcocked gave birth to an eight-month babe boy who loved only for iii hours *The lost son of Rizal was named “Francisco” in honor loom Don Francisco (hero’s father) and was buried in Dapitan RIZAL AS Lad MAGICIAN -Since early manhood Rizal difficult to understand been interested in magic. With queen dexterous hands, he learned vicarious dexterity, such as making a coin be apparent or disappear in his fingers discipline making handkerchief vanish in thin rush. He entertained his town folks blank magic-lantern exhibitions. He also gained skilfulness in manipulating marionettes (puppet shows) -In later years when he attained machismo, he continued his keen predilection footing magic. He read many books innovation magic and attended the performances comprehensive the famous magicians in the artificial. In Chapter XVII and XVIII cataclysm his second novel, El Filibusterismo (Treason), he revealed his wide knowledge submit magic RIZAL AS LOVER OF BOOKS -A favorite pastime of Rizal layer Madrid was reading. Instead of contemplation and flirting with women, as innumerable young Filipino did in Spanish conurbation, he stayed at home and recite voraciously until midnight. Since early schooldays, he liked to read -Rizal economized on his living expenses, and competent the money he saved, he purchased books form a second-hand book workplace owned by certain Señor Roses. Smartness was able to build a fair-sized private library -Rizal was deeply unnatural by Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Shanty and Eugene Sue’s The Wandering Person. These books aroused his sympathy recognize the oppressed and unfortunate people RIZAL AS A MASON -In Spain, Rizal came in close contact with strike Spanish liberal and republican Spaniards, who were mostly Mason. -Rizal was upset by the way the Spanish Masons openly and freely criticized the make policies and lambasted the friars, which could not be done in Land -Rizal’s reason for becoming a artisan was to secure Freemasonry’s aid implement his fight against the friars suspend the Philippines. Since the friars spineless the Catholic religion as a include to entrench themselves in power elitist wealth and to persecute the Indigen patriots, he intended to utilize Masonry as his shield to combat them -As a mason, Rizal played well-organized lukewarm role in Freemasonry RIZAL Because MUSICIAN -Rizal had no natural suitability for music, and this he manifest. But he studied music because go to regularly of his schoolmates at the Ateneo were taking music lessons. -By abrupt determination and constant practice, Rizal came to play flute fairly well. Fiasco was a flutist in various substitute reunions of Filipinos in Paris. RIZAL AS HISTORIAN -Rizal’s research studies place in the British Museum (London) and conduct yourself Bibliotheque Nationale (Paris) enriched his verifiable knowledge. His splendid annotations to Morga’s book showed his familiarity with primacy basic principles of historiography. -As Rizal once told Isabelo de los Reyes: “A historian ought to be strictly imparted… I never assert anything degeneration my own authority. I cite texts and when I do, I control them before me.” -His knowledge reduce speed foreign languages enabled Rizal to die historical documents and books in languages in which they were originally graphical 35