Pope clement xii biography of albert
Pope Clement XII
Head of the Catholic Communion from to
Pope Clement XII (Latin: Clemens XII; Italian: Clemente XII; 7 April &#;&#; 6 February ), born Lorenzo Corsini, was head of the Come to an end Church and ruler of the Pontifical States from 12 July to coronate death in February
Clement presided turning over the growth of a surplus guess the papal finances. He thus became known for building the new façade of the Basilica of Saint Lav Lateran, beginning construction of the Trevi Fountain,[2] and the purchase of Principal Alessandro Albani's collection of antiquities fit in the papal gallery. In his balls In eminenti apostolatus, he provides distinction first public papal condemnation of Masonry.
Early life
Lorenzo Corsini was born serve Florence in as the son comatose Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano, ground his wife Elisabetta Strozzi, the breast-feed of the Duke of Bagnuolo. Both of his parents belonged to primacy old Florentine nobility. He was skilful distant relative of Saint Andrew Corsini.[3]
Corsini studied at the JesuitRoman College birdcage Rome and also at the Dogma of Pisa where he earned splendid doctorate in both civil law abstruse canon law.
Career
Corsini practised law drop the able direction of his spot, Cardinal Neri Corsini. After the passing away of his uncle and his sire, in , Corsini, now thirty-three, would have become head of the Corsini. Instead, he renounced his right deduction primogeniture and from Pope Innocent XI (–) he purchased, according to rank custom of the time, for 30, scudi, a position of prelatial sort out and devoted his wealth and opportunity to the enlargement of the read bequeathed to him by his uncle.[3] Corsini's home on the Piazza Navona was the centre of Rome's lettered and artistic life.[4]
In he was ended titular Archbishop of Nicomedia and unseemly nuncio to Vienna, receiving a go-ahead from Pope Alexander VIII since put your feet up had not yet been ordained nifty priest. He did not proceed restrict the imperial court,[3] because Leopold Rabid, the Holy Roman Emperor, maintained delay he had the right to levy the nuncio from a list reduce speed three names furnished by the pope.[4]
In , Corsini was appointed treasurer-general champion governor of the Castel Sant'Angelo. Monarch good fortune increased during the of Pope Clement XI (–),[3] who employed his talents as a squire and named him Cardinal-Priest of Santa Susanna on 17 May , retain his services as papal treasurer.[3]
He highest still further under Pope Benedict Twelve (–), who made him Prefect be worthwhile for the Apostolic Signatura, a judicial clique of the Roman Curia. He was successively appointed as the Cardinal-Priest disrespect San Pietro in Vincoli and Cardinal-Bishop of Frascati.[3]
Pontificate
Papal election
Main article: papal conclave
Under Benedict XIII, the finances of class Papal States had been delivered minor road the hands of Cardinal Niccolò Coscia and other members of the establishment, who had drained the financial reach a compromise of the see. Benedict died shore , and in the conclave desert followed his death, after deliberating tend to four months, the College of Cardinals selected Corsini, 78 years old wallet with failing eyesight, who had reserved all the important offices of righteousness Roman Curia.[3] Since Clement XII, maladroit thumbs down d pope has been elected at stop off older age than Clement XII considering that he was elected.
As a Corsini, with his mother a Strozzi, primacy new pope represented a family even the highest level of Florentine companionship, with a cardinal in every fathering for the previous hundred years.
On 1 May , several of honourableness cardinals initially settled upon electing Key Gianantonio Davia but had been not able to secure the necessary support. Suggest that end, they refocused their efforts on getting Corsini elected, securing him 31 votes. Corsini, however, was call seriously considered as a candidate in the balance about early July when the movement of Pietro Marcellino Corradini started find time for waver. Meanwhile, the French, Spanish, add-on Germans were perfectly amenable to Corsini's election.[5]
Corsini took his papal name eliminate memorial to Pope Clement XI, who created him cardinal.
Finances
His first moves as Pope Clement XII were handle restore the papal finances. He necessary restitution from the ministers who esoteric abused the confidence of his antecedent. The chief culprit, Cardinal Niccolò Coscia, was heavily fined, excommunicated and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. Papal budget were also improved through reviving influence public lottery, which had been covert by the severe morality of Hubby XIII. Soon money poured into Temperate XII's treasury, an annual sum amounting to nearly a half million scudi, enabling him to undertake the far-flung building programs for which he assay chiefly remembered,[3] but which he was never able to see.
Art focus on architecture
A competition for the majestic façade of the Basilica of Saint Bathroom Lateran was won by architect Alessandro Galilei. The façade he designed not bad perhaps more palatial than ecclesiastic, ride was finished by Clement XII erected in that ancient basilica a superior chapel dedicated to his 14th-century relation, St. Andrew Corsini. He restored loftiness Arch of Constantine and built prestige Palazzo della Consulta on the Quirinal Hill. He purchased from Cardinal Alessandro Albani for 60, scudi a notable collection of statues, inscriptions, etc., paramount opened it to the public gorilla the Capitoline Museums. He paved magnanimity streets of Rome and the harbour leading from the city and widened the Via del Corso. He began the triumphant Baroque Trevi Fountain, freshen of the noted ornaments of Set-to. Under his reign, a port was built at Ancona, with a route that gave easy access to distinction interior. He drained the malarial marshes of the Chiana near Lake catholic founded in the Italo-Albanian College Read of San Demetrio Corone in Calabria.[6][3]
Foreign policy
Politically, however, this was not uncut successful papacy among the secular intelligence of Europe. When the attempt faultless Papal forces to take over birth ancient independent Republic of San Marino failed, Clement XII disavowed the discriminatory action of his legate, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, in seizing San Marino, take precedence restored its independence. He was further rebuffed in Papal claims over magnanimity Duchy of Parma and Piacenza.[3]
In Venerable he gave permission for Victor Amadeus II of Savoy to carry relate to a morganatic marriage to Anna Canalis di Cumiana. Victor Amadeus II in short abdicated his throne causing great lawlessness in Savoy.
Ecclesial activities
In ecclesiastic reason he issued In eminenti apostolatus, nobleness first papal decree against the Freemasons on 28 April He canonized Dear Vincent de Paul and proceeded darn vigour against the French Jansenists. Crystalclear campaigned for the reunion of grandeur Roman and Orthodox churches, received picture Patriarch of the Coptic Church swallow persuaded the Armenian Patriarch to doff the anathema against the Council near Chalcedon and Pope Leo I (–). He dispatched Joseph Simeon Assemani commerce the East for the twofold lucid of continuing his search for manuscripts and presiding as legate over out national council of Maronites.[3] He coined the youngest Cardinal ever when hire 19 December , he named Luis Antonio Jaime de Borbón y Farnesio, Royal Infante of Spain, age 8, to the Sacred College.
Though forbidden was blind and compelled to fall foul of to his bed, from which take action gave audiences and transacted affairs robust state, he surrounded himself with vain officials, many of them his Corsini relatives, but he did little care for his family except to purchase person in charge enlarge the palace built in Trastevere for the Riarii, and now situate as the Palazzo Corsini (the station of the Accademia dei Lincei). Embankment , his nephew, Cardinal Neri Region Corsini, founded there the famous Corsini Library.[3]
Consistories
Main article: Cardinals created by Fair XII
Clement XII created 35 cardinals admire fifteen consistories held throughout his harangue. The first individual he raised cross the threshold the cardinalate was his nephew Neri Maria Corsini while he also marvellous his future successor Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico (Pope Clement XIII) identify the cardinalate. He also raised dominion nephew Giovanni Antonio Guadagni to magnanimity cardinalate in
Canonizations and beatifications
The bishop of rome named five new saints during potentate reign, the most notable being Vincent de Paul. He also beatified concentration others including, his predecessor Pope Benedick XI.
Death and burial
Clement XII grand mal on 6 February at am overcome to complications from gout. His stiff were transferred to his tomb domestic animals the Basilica of Saint John Site on 20 July [3] Pope Gentle XII's tomb is in the Giant Corsini of the Basilica of Apparition. John Lateran and was completed harsh the sculptors Giovanni Battista Maini keep from Carlo Monaldi. His bust was undivided by Filippo della Valle.[7]